Applying a Holistic Approach to Contract Cheating: A Canadian Response
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.11575/cpai.v3i1.69811Mots-clés :
academic integrity, academic misconduct, contract cheating, essay mills, higher education, postsecondary education, plagiarism, Ontario, Canada, holistic approach, quality assuranceRésumé
This paper traces the development of a contract cheating action plan, introduced by the Academic Integrity Council of Ontario (AICO), Canada. The action plan offers a holistic response to contract cheating, involving multiple and diverse stakeholders from postsecondary education. Created by an AICO subcommittee, three of its founding members detail the action plan and provide a perspective on its strengths, challenges, and ongoing implementation.
Références
Academic Integrity Council of Ontario (AICO). (n.d.). AICO’s subcommittee on contract cheating. Retrieved from https://academicintegritycouncilofontario.wordpress.com/contract-cheating/
Academic Integrity Council of Ontario (AICO). (2018). AICO briefing note: Contract cheating. Unpublished.
Advertising Standards Authority (ASA). (n.d.). Rulings. Retrieved from https://www.asa.org.uk/codes-and-rulings/rulings.html?q=essay
Amigud, A., & Dawson, P. (2020). The law and the outlaw: Is legal prohibition a viable solution to the contract cheating problem? Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 45(1), 98-108, https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2019.1612851
Amigud, A., & Lancaster, T. (2019). I will pay someone to do my assignment: An analysis of market demand for contract cheating services on Twitter. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2019.1670780
Bertram Gallant, T. (2008). Academic integrity in the twenty-first century: A teaching and learning imperative. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Boisvert, N. (2019, April, 25). Experts say 'predatory' essay writing firms are thriving, and there's no law to stop them. CBC News. Retrieved from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/contract-cheating-nursing-investigation-1.5109322
Bomford, A. (2016, May 12). The man who helps students cheat. BBC. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-36276324
Bretag, T. (2013). Challenges in addressing plagiarism in education. PLoS Medicine, 10(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001574
Bretag, T. (2019). Contract cheating will erode trust in science. Nature, 574, 599. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-03265-1
Bretag, T., Mahmud, S., East, J., Green, M., James, C., Mcgowan, U., Partridge, L., Walker, R., & Wallace, M. (2011). Academic integrity standards: A preliminary analysis of the academic integrity policies at Australian universities [Paper presentation]. Australian Universities Quality Forum, Melbourne, Australia. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269913471_Academic_integrity_standards_A_preliminary_analysis_of_the_academic_integrity_policies_at_Australian_universities
Bretag, T., Harper, R., Burton, M., Ellis, C., Newton, P., van Haeringen, K., Saddiqui, S., & Rozenberg, P. (2019). Contract cheating and assessment design: exploring the relationship. Journal of Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 44(5), 676-691, https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2018.1527892
Clark, A., Ridgley, A., & Thacker, E. (2019, March 8). Building a regional academic integrity network: Profiling the growth and action of the Academic Integrity Council of Ontario. Paper presented at the International Center for Academic Integrity (ICAI) Annual Conference, New Orleans, LA.
Clarke, R., & Lancaster, T. (2006). Eliminating the successor to plagiarism? Identifying the usage of contract cheating sites. In Proceedings of 2nd plagiarism: Prevention, Practice and Policy Conference 2006. Newcastle, UK: JISC Plagiarism Advisory Service.
Crossman, K., Eaton, S. E., Garwood, K., Stoesz, B. M., McKenzie, A., Cepuran, B., & Kocher, R. (2019). Academic integrity: Faculty development needs for Canadian higher education - Research project brief. Calgary: University of Calgary. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1880/110437.
Draper, M. J., & Newton, P. M. (2017). A legal approach to contract cheating. International Journal of Educational Integrity, 13(11). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-017-0022-5
East, J. (2009). Aligning policy and practice: An approach to integrating academic integrity. Journal of Academic Language and Learning, 3(1), A38-A51.
Eaton, S. E. (2019). Contract cheating in Canada: National policy analysis. https://osf.io/n9kwt/
Eaton, S. E. (2020). Cheating may be under-reported across Canada’s universities and colleges. The Conversation. Retrieved from: https://theconversation.com/cheating-may-be-under-reported-across-canadas-universities-and-colleges-129292
Eaton S. E., & Edino, R. I. (2018). Strengthening the research agenda of educational integrity in Canada: A review of the research literature and call to action. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 14(5), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-018-0028-7
Eaton, S. E., Stoesz, B., Thacker, E., & Miron, J. (Forthcoming, 2020). Methodological decisions in undertaking academic integrity policy analysis: Considerations for future research. Canadian Perspectives on Academic Integrity.
Ellis, C., Zucker, I. M., & Randall, D. (2018). The infernal business of contract cheating: understanding the business processes and models of academic custom writing sites. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-017-0024-3
European Network for Academic Integrity (ENAI). (n.d). ENAI activities. Retrieved from http://www.academicintegrity.eu/wp/activities/
Higher Education Academy (HEA). (2010). Supporting academic integrity: Approaches and resources for higher education. Academy JISC Academic Integrity Service, The Higher Education Academy, York, UK. Retrieved from https://www.heacademy.ac.uk/knowledge-hub/supporting-academic-integrity-approaches-and-resources-higher-education
International Center for Academic Integrity (ICAI). (2019). International day against contract cheating. Retrieved December 9, 2019 from https://academicintegrity.org/day-against-contract-cheating/
Jeffreys, B., & Main, E. (2018, May 1). The YouTube stars being paid to sell cheating. BBC. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/education-43956001
Macdonald, R., & Carroll, J. (2006). Plagiarism - a complex issue requiring a holistic institutional approach. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 31(2), 233-245. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602930500262536
Morris, E. J. (2016). Academic integrity: A teaching and learning approach. In T. Bretag (Ed.), Handbook of Academic Integrity (pp. 1037-1053). Singapore: Springer.
Ontario Universities Council on Quality Assurance (OUCQA). (2013). OCAV’s undergraduate and graduate degree level expectations. Retrieved from https://oucqa.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/APPENDIX-1.pdf
Quality Assurance Association (QAA). (2017). Contacting to cheat in higher education: How to address contract cheating, the use of third-party services and essay mills. Retrieved from https://www.qaa.ac.uk/docs/qaa/quality-code/contracting-to-cheat-in-higher-education.pdf
Ridgley, A. (Interviewee). (2019, April 26). CBC Radio 1: The early edition [Radio interview]. Vancouver, BC: CBC. Retrieved from https://partner.criticalmention.com/app/#/clip/slim/dd3cada8-86a7-41d8-acb8-4c758c4ec25d?width=404&height=272
Ridgley, A., McKenzie, A., & Miron, J. (2019, April 18). Building a regional academic integrity network: Profiling the growth and action of the Academic Integrity Council of Ontario. Paper presented at the Canadian Symposium on Academic Integrity, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Rigby, D., Burton, M., Balcombe, K., Bateman, I., & Mulatu, A. (2015). Contract cheating and the market in essays. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 111, 23-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2014.12.019
Stoesz, B. M., Eaton, S. E., Miron, J., & Thacker, E. (2019). Academic integrity and contract cheating policy analysis of colleges in Ontario, Canada. International Journal of Educational Integrity. 15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-019-0042-4
Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (TEQSA). (2017). Good practice note: Addressing contract cheating to safeguard academic integrity. Retrieved from: https://www.teqsa.gov.au/latest-news/publications/good-practice-note-addressing-contract-cheating-safeguard-academic
Thacker, E., & Gagne, A. (2019). An analysis of academic integrity education for educators in Canadian University Centres for Teaching and Learning - Research Project Brief. Toronto: University of Toronto. Unpublished.
Tomar, D. (2012). The shadow scholar. New York: Bloomsbury.
University of Calgary. (2019). Canadian Academic Integrity Symposium, April 2019. Retrieved on December 8, 2019, from https://go.ucalgary.ca/Academic-Integrity.html.
Visentin, L. (2015, March 19). MyMaster essay cheating scandal: More than 70 university students face suspension. Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/mymaster-essay-cheating-scandal-more-than-70-university-students-face-suspension-20150318-1425oe.html
Walker, M., & Townley, C. (2012). Contract cheating: A new challenge for academic honesty. Journal of Academic Ethics, 10(27), 27-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-012-9150-y
