Cinq façons de contrer le discours capacitiste en éducation médicale dans le contexte de la promotion de comportements sains en l’activité physique

Auteurs-es

  • Emma Faught Queen's University
  • Tamara L Morgan Queen's University
  • Jennifer R Tomasone Queen's University

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.74119

Résumé

Un Canadien sur cinq souffre d’un handicap. Cette population subit des inégalités bien documentées sur le plan des soins de santé, une situation qui une situation qui découle en partie de l’éducation médicale. Dans cet article, nous mettons en évidence les conséquences involontaires du discours capacitiste véhiculé dans le contexte de la promotion de l’activité physique pour les personnes vivant avec un handicap. Compte tenu de l’influence de la communauté médicale et la confiance que lui témoigne le public, elle se doit de reconnaître. Nous proposons cinq stratégies pour contrer les discours capacitistes en éducation médicale : (1) renforcer les connaissances et la confiance des médecins et des stagiaires pour leur permettre d’optimiser les comportements kinésiques chez les personnes vivant avec un handicap, (2) effectuer des vérifications linguistiques pour garantir que la terminologie liée au handicap qu’emploient les personnes et les établissements est inclusive et n’entraîne pas de préjudices involontaires, (3) contrer efficacement le discours capacitiste, (4) répondre aux besoins de santé non satisfaits des personnes vivant avec un handicap, et (5) participer aux efforts de réforme des programmes d’études médicales afin que les personnes vivant avec un handicap soient représentées et traitées équitablement. Les médecins et les stagiaires occupent une position privilégiée pour offrir des soins compétents et inclusifs, ce qui fait de l’éducation médicale un cadre opportun pour combattre les inégalités en matière de soins liées au handicap.

Références

Statistics Canada. Canadian survey on disability, 2017 [Internet]. 2018 Nov 28. Available from: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/daily-quotidien/181128/dq181128a-eng.pdf?st=Q-T9Q-uL. [Accessed Oct 21 2021].

United Nations. Convention on the rights of person with disabilities [Internet]. 2006. Available from: https://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/convention/convoptprot-e.pdf. [Accessed Nov 4 2021].

McColl MA, Jarzynowska A, Shortt SE. Unmet health care needs of people with disabilities: population level evidence. Disabil Soc. 2010;25(2):205-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687590903537406

Symons AB, McGuigan D, Akl EA. A curriculum to teach medical students to care for people with disabilities: development and initial implementation. BMC Med Educ. 2009;9(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-9-78

Rotenberg S, Gatta DR, Wahedi A, Loo R, McFadden E, Ryan S. Disability training for health care workers: a global narrative systematic review. medRxiv. 2021 Aug 4. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.03.21261522

Iezzoni LI, Rao SR, Ressalam J, et al. Physicians' perceptions of people with disability and their health care. Health Aff. 2021 Feb;40(2):297-12. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01452

Wolbring, G. The politics of ableism. Development. 2008 Jun 1;51:252–258. https://doi.org/10.1057/dev.2008.17

Janz HL. Ableism: the undiagnosed malady afflicting medicine. Can Med Assoc J. 2019 Apr 20;191(17):E478-E479. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.180903

Kirschner KL, Curry RH. Educating health care professionals to care for patients with disabilities. JAMA. 2009 Sep 23;302(12):1334–1335. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.1398

Martimianakis MA, D’Eon MF. Coming to terms with the languages we use in medical education: hidden meanings and unintended consequences. Can Med Ed J. 2021 Apr 30 12(2):e1-e8. https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.72505

Smith B, Mallick K, Monforte J, Foster C. Disability, the communication of physical activity and sedentary behaviour, and ableism: a call for inclusive messages. Br J Sports Med. 2021;55:2221-1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103780

Ginis KA, van der Ploeg HP, Foster C, et al. Participation of people living with disabilities in physical activity: a global perspective. Lancet. 2021 Jul 21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01164-8

Wattanapisit A, Tuangratananon T, Thanamee S. Physical activity counseling in primary care and family medicine residency training: a systematic review. BMC Med Educ. 2018;18(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1268-1

McFadden T, Fortier M, Sweet SN, Tomasone JR, McGinn R, Levac BM. Canadian medical students' perceived motivation, confidence and frequency recommending physical activity. Prev Med Rep. 2019;15:100898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100898

Hoffmann TC, Maher CG, Briffa T, et al. Prescribing exercise interventions for patients with chronic conditions. Can Med Assoc J. 2016 Apr 19;188(7):510-518. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.150684

Ross R, Chaput JP, Giangregorio LM, et al. Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18–64 years and Adults aged 65 years or older: an integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep. APNM. 2020;45(10):S57-102. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2020-0467

Public Health Agency of Canada. A common vision for increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary living in Canada: let’s get moving [Internet]. 2018 May 31. Available from: https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/phac-aspc/documents/services/publications/healthy-living/lets-get-moving/pub-eng.pdf. [Accessed Oct 21 2021].

Bassett-Gunter R, Angevaare K, Tomasone J, et al. A systematic scoping review: resources targeting the training and education of health and recreation practitioners to support physical activity among people with physical disabilities. Disabil Health J. 2019 Oct;12(4):542-550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2019.06.007

Bassett-Gunter R, Ginis KA. Supporting physical activity among Canadians with physical disabilities: resources for health and recreation practitioners supporting physical activity among Canadians with physical disabilities [Internet]. 2019. Available from: https://cdpp.ca/resources-and-publications/catalogue-resources-health-and-recreation-practitioners. [Accessed Apr 7 2022].

Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. A way with words and images: suggestions for the portrayal of people with disabilities [Internet]. 2006. Available from: https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/esdc-edsc/migration/documents/eng/disability/arc/way_with_words.pdf. [Accessed Nov 4 2021].

Tremblay MS, Aubert S, Barnes JD, et al. Sedentary Behavior Research Network (SBRN) - terminology consensus project process and outcome. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017 Jun 10;14(1):75. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0525-8

Queen’s University Faculty of Health Sciences. Style guide: equity, diversity, and inclusion [Internet]. 2021. Available from: https://healthsci.queensu.ca/academics/edi/style-guide#abilities-disabilities. [Accessed Nov 2 2021].

BC Centre for Disease Control. BCCDC covid-19 language guide: guidelines for inclusive language for written and digital content [Internet]. 2020 Jul. Available from: http://www.bccdc.ca/Health-Info-Site/Documents/Language-guide.pdf. [Accessed Mar 9 2022].

Faught E, Walters AJ, Latimer-Cheung AE, et al. Optimal messaging of the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18–64 years and Adults aged 65 years and older. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2020;45(10):S125-50. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2020-0494

Minihan PM, Robey KL, Long-Bellil LM, et al. Desired educational outcomes of disability-related training for the generalist physician: knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Acad Med. 2011 Sep 1;86(9):1171-8. https://10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182264a25

Canadian Medical Association. CMA policy on equity and diversity in medicine [Internet]. 2019 Dec 7. Available from: https://policybase.cma.ca/en/viewer?file=%2fdocuments%2fPolicyPDF%2fPD20-02.pdf#phrase=false. [Accessed Nov 16 2021].

Slavin S, D’Eon MF. Overcrowded curriculum is an impediment to change (Part A). Can Med Ed J. 2021 Sep 15;12(4):1-6. https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.73532

Slavin S, D’Eon MF. Overcrowded curriculum is an impediment to change (Part B). Can Med Educ J. 2020;12(5):1–5. https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.73813

Téléchargements

Publié-e

2022-06-27

Comment citer

1.
Faught E, Morgan TL, Tomasone JR. Cinq façons de contrer le discours capacitiste en éducation médicale dans le contexte de la promotion de comportements sains en l’activité physique. Can. Med. Ed. J [Internet]. 27 juin 2022 [cité 18 déc. 2024];13(5):82-6. Disponible à: https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/cmej/article/view/74119

Numéro

Rubrique

Terrain glissant