L’évolution des discours sur la COVID-19 et leurs incidences sur l'éducation médicale : une analyse critique du discours
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.71675Résumé
Contexte : L’altérisation a été soulevée comme effet préoccupant de la pandémie de la COVID-19. L’objectif de cette étude était d’examiner les réactions du public au cours des premiers stades de la pandémie afin de dégager : 1) les discours émergents témoignant d’inégalités au sein de la population, et 2) les incidences potentielles de ces discours sur l’éducation médicale.
Méthodes : L’approche adoptée est celle de l’analyse critique du discours (ACD). Nous avons constitué une archive de textes du domaine public contenant des commentaires relatifs à la COVID-19, que nous avons examinés, codés de manière itérative et analysés transversalement pour déceler dans quelle mesure la pandémie a mis en évidence les inégalités structurelles et institutionnelles au sein de la population.
Résultats : Nous avons trouvé 86 textes représentatifs publiés entre mars et juin 2020. Nous avons concentré notre analyse sur les incidences en Ontario. Les deux principaux discours qui ont émergé sont « la COVID-19 comme facteur égalisateur » et « la COVID-19 comme facteur discriminant ». Le premier est apparu au début de la pandémie pour inciter au respect des recommandations de santé publique et pour décrire les effets quasi universels sur la population. Il a été suivi par un second discours, mettant en lumière les formes nouvelles et préexistantes de marginalisation exacerbées par la pandémie.
Conclusions : Cette étude offre une perspective unique de la pandémie telle qu’elle est perçue par le biais d’une analyse du domaine public. Elle peut donc éclairer la manière de présenter la gestion des pandémies aux futurs apprenants en médecine
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