Market-Capital beneath the Skin of “Fear Factories”: The Autobiography of an English-Speaker-of-Other-Languages Educator

Authors

Keywords:

Curriculum studies, Educational apprehension, Critical theory of education

Abstract

Curricular theorist Kent Den Heyer’s (2018) framing of schools as “fear factories” prompted me to reflect on how the curriculum I encountered as a student may have instilled fear in me, and how this fear may have shaped my role as an ESOL educator from the Global South. This autobiographical study explores my experiences as both a learner and a post-secondary educator through a reflexive lens. Drawing on diary entries, I crafted an autobiographical narrative (Pavlenko, 2007). I also created a collage using personal and professional images surrounding a 3D model of my head (Davis & Butler-Kisber, 1999; Rijke, 2023). I analyzed these artifacts using critical theory lenses (Rist, 2014; Walker, 2012). Findings suggest that developmentalist and disability discourses have contributed to a market-capitalist curriculum that cultivated fear in my education, leaving a lingering apprehension that continues to shape my current identity as an educator.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

References

Abawi, Z., & Brady, J. (2017). Decolonizing Indigenous educational policies. Emerging perspectives: Interdisciplinary graduate research in education, 1(1), 20-30.

Aldridge, J. (1993). The textual disembodiment of knowledge in research account writing. Sociology, 27(1), 53–66.

Arndt, H., & Rose, H. (2022). Capturing life as it is truly lived? Improving diary data in educational research. International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 46(2), 175–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2022.2094360

Bailey, K. M. (1990). The use of diary studies in teacher education programmes. In J. C. Richards & D. Nunan (Eds.), Second language teacher education (pp. 215–226). Cambridge University Press.

Baszile, D. T. (2017). On the virtues of currere. Currere Exchange Journal, 1(1), vi–ix.

Bateson, G. (1972). Steps to an ecology of mind. Ballantine Books.

Biesta, G. J. J. (2013). Beautiful risk of Education. Taylor & Francis Group.

Black, C. (n.d.). Schooling the world. http://carolblack.org/schooling-the-world

Bledsoe, T. S., & Baskin, J. J. (2014). Recognizing student fear: The elephant in the classroom. College Teaching, 62(1), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/87567555.2013.831022

Bombay, A., Matheson, K., & Anisman, H. (2014). The intergenerational effects of IndianResidential Schools: Implications for the concept of historical trauma. Transcultural Psychiatry, 51(3), 320–338. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461513503380

Bowers. C. A. (2010). Understanding the connections between double bind thinking and the ecological crises: Implications for educational reform. Journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Curriculum Studies, 6, 1-16.

Bowles, S., & Gintis, H. (1976). Schooling in capitalist America: Educational reform and the contradictions of economic life. Basic Books.

Chiappero-Martinetti, E., & Sabadash, A. (2010). Human capital and human capabilities: Towards a theoretical integration. Paper Prepared for the Workshop ‘Workable’, University of Pavia, 26–27 May 2010.

Davis, D., & Butler-Kisber, L. (1999). Arts-based representation in qualitative research: Collage as a contextualizing analytic strategy. ERIC. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED431790

den Heyer, K. (2018). Next acts: Educational impasse, events and a one-legged Magpie. The Alberta Teachers’ Association.

den Heyer, K. (2023a). Week 2: Complexities: Onto-episte groundings of how we imagine selves, space, relations [Class handout]. University of Alberta, EDSE 504 Curriculum Inquiry.

den Heyer, K. (2023b). Week 5: Queering texts & theorizing “Queerness” itself [Class handout]. University of Alberta, EDSE 504 Curriculum Inquiry.

den Heyer, K. (2023c). Week 8: Crip theory [Class handout]. University of Alberta, EDSE 504 Curriculum Inquiry.

den Heyer, K. (2023d). Week 9: Eco-justice lenses [Class handout]. University of Alberta, EDSE 504 Curriculum Inquiry.

den Heyer, K. (2023e). Week 10: Workshopping curricular lenses [Class handout]. University of Alberta, EDSE 504 Curriculum Inquiry.

Donald, D. (2011, February). On making love to death: Plains Cree and Blackfoot wisdom [Blog post]. Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences. http://www.ideas-idees.ca/blog/making-love-death-plains-cree-and-blackfoot-wisdom

Donald, D. (2019). Homo economicus and forgetful curriculum: Remembering other ways to be a human being. In H. Tomlins-Jahnke, S. Styres, S. Lilly & D. Zinga (Eds.), Indigenous education: New directions in theory and practice. University of Alberta Press.

Dreze, J. & Sen, A. (1995). India’s economic development and social opportunity. Clarendon Press.

Elfreich, A. (2019). Inspiriting the proleptic: Spirituality in a postmodern curriculum to advance well-being in schools. Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 2(34), 31–46.

Erevelles, N. (2005). Understanding curriculum as normalizing text: Disability studies meet curriculum theory. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 37(4), 421-439. https://doi.org/10.1080/0022027032000276970

Field, J. (2006). Lifelong learning and the new educational order (2nd ed.). Trentham Books.

Freire, P. (1968). Pedagogy of the oppressed. Herder and Herder.

Giroux, A. (2003). Spectacles of race and pedagogies of denial: Anti-Black racist pedagogy under the reign of neo-liberalism. Communication Education, 52(3-4), 191-211.

Gouldner, A. (1979). The future of intellectuals and the rise of the new class. Seabury Press.

Gross, E. (1990). The body of signification. In Fletcher, J., & Benjamin, A. (Eds.), Abjection, melancholia and love: The work of Julia Kristeva (pp. 80-103). Routledge.

Haraway, D. (2014). Anthropocene, capitalocene, chthulucene: Staying with the trouble. https://vimeo.com/97663518

Harber, C. (2004). Schooling as violence: How schools harm pupils and societies. Routledge.

Harouni, H. (2015). Toward a political economy of mathematics education. Harvard Educational Review, 85(1), 50-74.

Harvey, D. (2005). A brief history of neoliberalism. Oxford University Press.

Houston, S. (2010). Beyond homo economicus: Recognition, self-realization and social work. British Journal of Social Work, 40(3), 841–57. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcn132

Jackson, C. (2006). Lads and ladettes in school: Gender and a fear of failure. McGraw-Hill Education.

Jackson, C. (2010). Fear in education. Educational Review, 62(1), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131910903469544

Jarvis, J. (1992). Using diaries for teacher reflection on in-service courses. ELT Journal, 46(2), 133–143. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/46.2.133

Keeley, B. (2007). Human capital. OECD.

Kristeva, J. (1982). Powers of horror: An essay on abjection (L. Roudiez, Trans.). Columbia University Press.

Lanzi, D. (2007). Capabilities, human capital and education. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 36, 424–435.

Lewkowich, D. (2015). Reminders of the abject in teaching: Psychoanalytic notes on my sweaty, pedagogical self. Emotion, Space and Society, 16, 41-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emospa.2015.06.010

Mandel, U., & Tearney, K. (Directors). (2015). Relearning the land: A story of Red Crow College [Video file]. https://vimeo.com/128091605

McDonald, A. S. (2001). The prevalence and effects of test anxiety in school children. Educational psychology, 21(1), 89-101.

Morarji, K. (2010). Where does the rural educated person fit? Development and social reproduction in contemporary India. In P. McMichael (Ed.), Contesting development: Critical struggles for social change (pp. 50-63). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203860922

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (1997). Lifelong learning for all. OECD.

Pavlenko, A. (2007). Autobiographic narratives as data in applied linguistics. Applied Linguistics, 28(2), 163–188. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amm008

Pinar, W. (2012). What is curriculum theory? Routledge.

Pinar, W. F. (2020). Currere. In J. Wearing, M. Ingersoll, C. DeLuca, B. Bolden, H. Ogden, T. M. Christou (Eds.), Key concepts in curriculum studies: Perspectives on the fundamentals (pp. 50-52). Routledge.

Polanyi, K. (1944). The great transformation: The political and economic origins of our time (2nd ed). Beacon Press.

Power, S., Edwards, T., & Wigfall, V. (2003). Education and the middle class. McGraw-Hill Education.

Putwain, D. W. (2009). Assessment and examination stress in Key Stage 4. British Educational Research Journal, 35(3), 391-411.

Ranciere, J. (2000/ 2004). The politics of aesthetics: The distribution of the sensible (G. Rockhill, Ed. & Trans.). Continuum.

Reay, D. (2001). Finding or losing yourself?: Working-class relationships to education. Journal of education policy, 16(4), 333-346.

Rist, G. (2014). The invention of development. In The history of development: From Western origins to global faith (pp. 69-79). University of Chicago Press.

Rijke, V. D. (2023). The And article: Collage as research method. Qualitative Inquiry, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778004231165983

Steed, R. (2011). Helping students overcome fear of “Foreignness” in teaching Asian religions. Education about Asia, 16(3), 1–4.

Steier, F. (1991). Introduction: Research as self-reflexivity, self-reflexivity as social process. In F. Steier (ed.), Research and Reflexivity. Sage.

Szelenyi, I. (1982). Gouldner's theory of intellectuals as a flawed universal class. Theory and Society, 11(6), Special Issue in Memory of Alvin W. Gouldner, 779-798. https://www.jstor.org/stable/657190

Usher, R. (1996). Textuality and reflexivity in educational research. In D. Scott, & R. Usher. Understanding educational research (pp. 33-51). Routledge.

Walker, M. (2012). A capital or capabilities education narrative in a world of staggering inequalities? International Journal of Educational Development, 32, 384-393.

Walkerdine, V., Lucey, H., & Melody, J. (2012). Growing up girl: Psychosocial explorations of gender and class. In M. Fine, L. Weis, L. P. Pruitt, & A. Burns (Eds.), Off White: Readings on power, privilege and resistence (pp. 98-113). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203621479

Waring, M. (2017). Who's counting? Marilyn Waring on sex, lies and global economics. NFB. https://www.nfb.ca/film/whos_counting/

Wilkinson, S. (1988). The role of reflexivity in feminist psychology. Women’s Studies International Forum, 11(5), 493–502.

Wilk, P., Maltby, A., & Cooke, M. (2017). Residential schools and the effects on Indigenous health and well-being in Canada—a scoping review. Public Health Reviews, 38(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-017-0055-6

Downloads

Published

2025-07-16

How to Cite

Saha, S. (2025). Market-Capital beneath the Skin of “Fear Factories”: The Autobiography of an English-Speaker-of-Other-Languages Educator. Emerging Perspectives: Interdisciplinary Graduate Research in Education and Psychology, 8(1). Retrieved from https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/ep/article/view/81891