Decolonizing Indigenous Educational Policies
Keywords:
Decolonization, Indigeneity, neo-liberalism, Eurocentric, self-identification, policyAbstract
The paper addresses three educational policy documents created by the Ontario Ministry of Education and the Ontario Ministry of Advanced Education and Skills Development (formerly known as the Ontario Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities [MTCU]) to target and minimize the ‘achievement gap’ of Indigenous children and youth. The policy documents come at a critical time in which statisticians predict a significant increase in Indigenous populations across Ontario as well as Canada (MTCU, 2011). We critique the policy documents, which represent tools of neo-colonialism maintaining dichotomous power relations in which Indigenous communities are positioned as dependent on the white settler Canadian state as providers. Through an anti-colonial theoretical framework, we interrogate the self-purported altruism on behalf of the Canadian government toward Indigenous education initiatives; which mask the neo-liberal agenda of ensuring that the increasing Indigenous populations are conforming to the competitive demands of the market-economyReferences
REFERENCES
Asante, M.K. (2006). Foreword. G.J.S. Dei, & A Kempf (Ed.), Anti-Colonialism and
education: The politics of resistance (pp. ix). Rotterdam, NL: Sense Publishers.
Centre for Social Justice. (2007-2016). Aboriginal Issues.
Retrieved from www.socialjustice.org
Cherubini, L. (2010). An analysis of Ontario Aboriginal education policy: Critical and
interpretive perspectives. McGill Journal of Education, 45(1), 9-26.
Dehaas, J. (2014, May 6). First Nations dropout rate falls, but less so on reserves: CD
Howe Institute endorses First Nations control of education. Macleans Canada.
Retrieved from
http://www.macleans.ca/education/high-school/little-progress-in-on-reserve-dropout-rate-report/
Dei, G.J.S. (2012). Indigenous anti-colonial knowledge as ‘heritage knowledge’ for
promoting Black/African education in diasporic contexts. Decolonization:
Indigeneity and Society 1(1), 102-119.
Information on Bill-C33. (2014). Determined opposition to Harper government’s anti-
First Nations Act: Fist Nations demand on the withdrawal of Bill C-33. The
Marxist-Leninist Weekly (16). Retrieved from
http://www.cpcml.ca/Tmlw2014/W44016.HTM
Malatest R.A. & Associates Ltd. (2004). Aboriginal Peoples and post-secondary
education: What educators have learned. Canadian Millennium Scholarship Foundation. Retrieved from
https://www.kpu.ca/sites/default/files/downloads/Aboriginal_Peoples_PostSecondary6358.pdf
Ontario Aboriginal Education Office, Ministry of Education. (2007). Ontario First
Nation, Métis, and Inuit education policy framework. Government of Ontario.
Retrieved from
http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/aboriginal/fnmiFramework.pdf
Ontario Aboriginal Education Office, Ministry of Education (2007). Building bridges to
success for First Nation, Métis and Inuit Students. Developing policies for
voluntary, confidential Aboriginal student self-identification: Successful practices
for Ontario school boards. Government of Ontario. Retrieved from
http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/aboriginal/buildBridges.pdf
Ontario Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities. (2011). Aboriginal
postsecondary education and training policy framework. Government of Ontario. Retrieved from
http://www.tcu.gov.on.ca/pepg/publications/APETPFramework.pdf
Parliament of Canada. (2014). No Higher Priority: Aboriginal Post-Secondary Education
in Canada: Report of the Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs and Northern
Development. Parliament House of Commons. Retrieved from
http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=2683969&File=57
Popovic, T. (2011). Effecting change through education: Aboriginal students in Ontario’s
PSE system. College and Student Alliance Issue Paper, 1-40.
Schick, C. (2014). White resentment in settler society. Race, Ethnicity and Education,
17(1), 88-102.
Sharp, A & Arsenault, J.F. (2010). Investing in Aboriginal education in Canada: An
economic perspective. Centre for the Study of Living Standards: Canadian Policy Research Networks. Retrieved from
http://cprn.org/documents/51980_EN.pdf
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015). Truth and Reconciliation
Commission of Canada Final Report. Retrieved from http://www.trc.ca/websites/trcinstitution/index.php?p=890
Turner, D. (2006). This is not a peace pipe: Towards a critical Indigenous philosophy.
Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
Waziyatawin. (2010, April 30). Indigenous knowledge, anti-colonialism and
empowerment. Retrieved from Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, http://www.ideas-idees.ca/blog/indigenous-knowledge-anti-colonialism-and-empowerment
Welton, M. (2012). Unearthing Canada’s past: A short history of adult education.
Toronto, ON: Thompson Educational Publishing.
Asante, M.K. (2006). Foreword. G.J.S. Dei, & A Kempf (Ed.), Anti-Colonialism and
education: The politics of resistance (pp. ix). Rotterdam, NL: Sense Publishers.
Centre for Social Justice. (2007-2016). Aboriginal Issues.
Retrieved from www.socialjustice.org
Cherubini, L. (2010). An analysis of Ontario Aboriginal education policy: Critical and
interpretive perspectives. McGill Journal of Education, 45(1), 9-26.
Dehaas, J. (2014, May 6). First Nations dropout rate falls, but less so on reserves: CD
Howe Institute endorses First Nations control of education. Macleans Canada.
Retrieved from
http://www.macleans.ca/education/high-school/little-progress-in-on-reserve-dropout-rate-report/
Dei, G.J.S. (2012). Indigenous anti-colonial knowledge as ‘heritage knowledge’ for
promoting Black/African education in diasporic contexts. Decolonization:
Indigeneity and Society 1(1), 102-119.
Information on Bill-C33. (2014). Determined opposition to Harper government’s anti-
First Nations Act: Fist Nations demand on the withdrawal of Bill C-33. The
Marxist-Leninist Weekly (16). Retrieved from
http://www.cpcml.ca/Tmlw2014/W44016.HTM
Malatest R.A. & Associates Ltd. (2004). Aboriginal Peoples and post-secondary
education: What educators have learned. Canadian Millennium Scholarship Foundation. Retrieved from
https://www.kpu.ca/sites/default/files/downloads/Aboriginal_Peoples_PostSecondary6358.pdf
Ontario Aboriginal Education Office, Ministry of Education. (2007). Ontario First
Nation, Métis, and Inuit education policy framework. Government of Ontario.
Retrieved from
http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/aboriginal/fnmiFramework.pdf
Ontario Aboriginal Education Office, Ministry of Education (2007). Building bridges to
success for First Nation, Métis and Inuit Students. Developing policies for
voluntary, confidential Aboriginal student self-identification: Successful practices
for Ontario school boards. Government of Ontario. Retrieved from
http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/aboriginal/buildBridges.pdf
Ontario Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities. (2011). Aboriginal
postsecondary education and training policy framework. Government of Ontario. Retrieved from
http://www.tcu.gov.on.ca/pepg/publications/APETPFramework.pdf
Parliament of Canada. (2014). No Higher Priority: Aboriginal Post-Secondary Education
in Canada: Report of the Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs and Northern
Development. Parliament House of Commons. Retrieved from
http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=2683969&File=57
Popovic, T. (2011). Effecting change through education: Aboriginal students in Ontario’s
PSE system. College and Student Alliance Issue Paper, 1-40.
Schick, C. (2014). White resentment in settler society. Race, Ethnicity and Education,
17(1), 88-102.
Sharp, A & Arsenault, J.F. (2010). Investing in Aboriginal education in Canada: An
economic perspective. Centre for the Study of Living Standards: Canadian Policy Research Networks. Retrieved from
http://cprn.org/documents/51980_EN.pdf
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015). Truth and Reconciliation
Commission of Canada Final Report. Retrieved from http://www.trc.ca/websites/trcinstitution/index.php?p=890
Turner, D. (2006). This is not a peace pipe: Towards a critical Indigenous philosophy.
Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
Waziyatawin. (2010, April 30). Indigenous knowledge, anti-colonialism and
empowerment. Retrieved from Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, http://www.ideas-idees.ca/blog/indigenous-knowledge-anti-colonialism-and-empowerment
Welton, M. (2012). Unearthing Canada’s past: A short history of adult education.
Toronto, ON: Thompson Educational Publishing.
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Published
2017-04-05
How to Cite
Abawi, Z., & Brady, J. (2017). Decolonizing Indigenous Educational Policies. Emerging Perspectives: Interdisciplinary Graduate Research in Education and Psychology, 1(1), 20–30. Retrieved from https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/ep/article/view/30353
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