Évaluation des résultats de l'apprentissage par problème dans la formation médicale postuniversitaire: une revue systématique et une méta-analyse

Auteurs-es

  • Emma A Mensour University of Western Ontario https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9542-9285
  • Carolyn Tran University of Western Ontario
  • Toni Li Queen's University
  • Indika Mallawaarachchi University of Virginia
  • Jennifer Shaw University of Western Ontario
  • Sarah Blissett London Health Sciences Center

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.77394

Résumé

Contexte : Les éducateurs doivent maintenant incorporer des formats pédagogiques plus actifs dans l'enseignement médical, tels que l'apprentissage par problèmes (APP). Compte tenu des données mitigées concernant l'utilisation l’APP dans la formation médicale postuniversitaire, il est nécessaire de synthétiser l’état des connaissances à cet effet, afin d'éclairer l'application de l’APP dans les contextes de formation médicale postuniversitaire.

Objectif : L'objectif de cette revue systématique et de cette méta-analyse était de synthétiser les travaux concernant l’APP effectués dans les contextes de formation médicale postdoctorale.

Méthodes : Les auteurs ont effectué des recherches systématiques dans les bases de données MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycINFO, AMED, CINAHL, Web of Science, ERIC et Cochrane entre le 1er janvier 1950 et le 1er juillet 2022 pour identifier les études originales faisant état du niveau d’apprentissage basé sur le modèle de Kirkpatrick concernant l’APP dans des contextes de formation médicale postdoctorale. Les données relatives aux résultats ont été extraites. Les données quantitatives relatives aux niveau d'apprentissage ont été méta-analysées à l'aide d'un modèle à effets aléatoires afin de générer des différences de moyennes pondérées.

Résultats : Sur les 4 310 résumés examinés, les auteurs ont inclus 21 études portant sur des programmes de résidence en anesthésie, en médecine familiale, en médecine interne, en médecine du travail, en pédiatrie, en psychiatrie, en santé publique et en chirurgie. Les études ont fait état des réactions (n = 12), de l'apprentissage (n = 15), du comportement (n = 6) et/ou des résultats (n = 4). La méta-analyse des trois articles admissibles n'a pas montré de différence significative après l'APP dans les résultats pré- et post-test (différence moyenne regroupée = 0,13 %, IC à 95 %, -6,74-7,00). Des améliorations ont été observées dans les niveaux de satisfaction et les résultats comportementaux autodéclarés à la suite de l'APP.

Conclusions : Bien que des résultats reliés à l'apprentissage similaires aient été observés en utilisant l'APP comparativement à l'enseignement habituel dans le cadre de la formation médicale postdoctorale, l'APP a été associé à des avantages en termes de satisfaction des apprenants et de changements de comportement qui contribuent à l'apprentissage et au rendement. Les programmes d’éducation médicale postdoctoraux devraient envisager d'intégrer l’APP dans les programmes d'études.

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Publié-e

2025-01-06

Comment citer

1.
Mensour EA, Tran C, Li T, Mallawaarachchi I, Shaw J, Blissett S. Évaluation des résultats de l’apprentissage par problème dans la formation médicale postuniversitaire: une revue systématique et une méta-analyse . Can. Med. Ed. J [Internet]. 6 janv. 2025 [cité 5 déc. 2025];16(1):89-9. Disponible à: https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/cmej/article/view/77394

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