Efficacité du counseling en matière d'activité physique et de formation à la prescription d'exercices physiques chez les étudiants en médecine : une revue systématique
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.77065Résumé
Contexte : Les conseils en matière d'activité physique et la prescription d'exercices augmentent l'activité et la condition cardiorespiratoire des patients, mais les prestataires de soins de santé éprouvent des difficultés à promouvoir l'activité auprès des ceux-ci. La mise en œuvre d'une intervention éducative au cours de la formation médicale peut être une stratégie efficace pour promouvoir l'activité physique auprès des patients et le conseil/prescription d'exercices. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer l'impact des interventions éducatives sur les perceptions et les pratiques des étudiants en médecine en matière de conseils concernant l'activité physique et la prescription d'exercices.
Méthodes : La procédure de revue systématique a été enregistrée dans PROSPERO (ID# CRD42022331755) avant la réalisation de l'étude. Les études ont été incluses si elles menaient une intervention éducative auprès d'étudiants en médecine ou de résidents en vue d'améliorer la pratique d'activités. Les moteurs de recherche bibliographique ont été explorés en mai 2022 et comprenaient Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL et Academic Search Premier (n = 3412 citations sans doublons). Les outils d'évaluation de la qualité du National Institutes of Health ont été utilisés.
Résultats : Au total, 15 interventions ont été incluses. La qualité moyenne des essais contrôlés inclus (n = 6) et des études pré-post sans groupe de contrôle (n = 9) était respectivement de 5,0±1,5/12 et de 6,2±1,3/14. La plupart des études (n = 4/6) qui ont rapporté le nombre total d'étudiants en médecine fournissant des conseils d'activité aux patients avant et après l'intervention ont observé des améliorations dans les comportements en matière de conseils d'exercice physique. Onze études sur douze et dix études sur onze ont fait état d'une augmentation de la confiance et des perceptions à l'égard de diverses caractéristiques du conseil en matière d'exercice et de la promotion de l'activité physique, respectivement.
Conclusion : Malgré la nature hétérogène des modèles d'intervention, cette revue systématique soutient que des interventions relativement brèves utilisant un format de cours structurés incorporé dans le programme d'études favorisent de nettes améliorations des perceptions et de la confiance des étudiants en médecine dans la prestation de conseils en matière d'exercice physique, bien que la qualité de l'étude soit faible à modérée.
Statistiques
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