Formation médicale pour soutenir efficacement les patients qui consomment des substances dans tous les contextes de pratique : Un examen approfondi des compétences recommandées
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.75973Résumé
Contexte : Il incombe à tous les médecins de répondre aux besoins en matière de soins de santé des consommateurs de substances psychoactives. Au sein du système de santé, les recherches révèlent régulièrement des expériences inéquitables en matière de soins de santé, les consommateurs de substances faisant état de stigmatisation, de marginalisation et d'un manque de compassion.
Objectifs : L'objectif de cette étude exploratoire était de trouver et de décrire les compétences enseignées, développées et encouragées dans le cadre de la formation médicale, puis de formuler des recommandations pour améliorer les soins prodigués à ces patients.
Résultats : Au total, 19 articles ont été inclus. Les compétences recommandées en matière de connaissances tendent à promouvoir la compréhension des changements neurophysiologiques causés par les substances, ainsi que la connaissance de l'évaluation des comportements « à risque ». Les compétences couramment recommandées concernent le dépistage et la gestion des troubles liés à l'usage de substances. Les compétences recommandées en matière d'attitude comprennent l'identification des préjugés personnels et l'instauration d'une culture centrée sur le patient au sein des équipes de praticiens. Tous les articles s'appuient sur le modèle pathologique de la toxicomanie et ne reconnaissent pas les expériences potentiellement bénéfiques ou non problématiques de la consommation de substances. Pour améliorer les compétences en matière de connaissances, il est conseillé aux programmes de formation médicale d'inclure des spécialistes de la toxicomanie en tant qu'éducateurs et de prévenir la stigmatisation par le biais d'un programme d’études caché.
Conclusion : Pour réduire les expériences de stigmatisation et de marginalisation parmi les patients qui consomment des substances illicites et pour améliorer la qualité des soins, les connaissances, les aptitudes et les attitudes peuvent être enseignées plus efficacement dans les programmes de formation médicale.
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