Faire une place pour l'enseignement du leadership dans la formation médicale prédoctorale au Canada
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.73216Résumé
Même si le besoin d’un leadership médical efficace est clair, la conception et l’implantation d’un cursus et de stratégies d’évaluations sur la compétence de leadership en éducation médicale prédoctorale demeure à optimiser. Dans le cadre de l’examen de ses stratégies d’évaluation de la formation médicale prédoctorale, le Conseil médical du Canada (CMC) a sollicité des énoncés de position portant sur divers aspects, y compris sur les rôles CanMEDS intrinsèques. Cet article s’appuie sur la soumission des auteurs concernant l’évaluation du leadership faite pour le CMC. Prenant le modèle de développement de cursus de Kern comme guide, nous avons examiné le paysage de l’enseignement du leadership dans la formation prédoctorale au Canada par le biais d’une analyse environnementale de la littérature scientifique et grise, des cadres et des ressources de leadership canadiens et d’une consultation avec des leaders parmi les étudiants et le corps professoral. L’enseignement du leadership dans les programmes est très variable et bien souvent, les apprenants ne sont pas au courant des possibilités offertes. En conséquence, nous suggérons des processus d’élaboration de cursus, y compris des stratégies d’enseignement en lien avec les sujets importants, l’enseignement, l’évaluation des apprenants et l’évaluation de programme. La formation au leadership ne peut pas demeurer un élément de la liste « à faire » pour l’éducation médicale prédoctorale. Une telle formation nécessite une attention et un investissement ciblés afin de favoriser la construction continue de l’identité de futurs bons médecins.
Statistiques
Références
Kern DE. Overview: a six-step approach to curriculum development. In: Thomas PA, Kern DE, Hughes MT, Chen BY. Curriculum development for medical education: a six-step approach. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2015. p.1-10.
Flexner A. Medical education in the United States and Canada. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2002;80:594-602.
Frank JR, Snell L, Sherbino J, editors. CanMEDS 2015 Physician competency framework. Ottawa: Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada; 2015.
Frenk J, Chen L, Bhutta ZA, et al. Health professionals for a new century: transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world. The Lancet. 2010 Dec;376(9756):1923-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61854-5
Firth-Cozens J, Mowbray D. Leadership and the quality of care. BMJ Qual Saf. 2001; 10(2):ii3–ii7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1765760/ [Accessed Jun 23, 2021].
Shanafelt TD, Dyrbye LN, West CP. Addressing physician burnout: the way forward. Jama. 2017 Mar;317(9):901-2. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.0076
Dyrbye LN, Major-Elechi B, Hays JT, Fraser CH, Buskirk SJ, West CP. Relationship between organizational leadership and health care employee burnout and satisfaction. In Mayo Clin Proc. 2020;95(4):698-708. https://doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.10.041
Begun JW, Zimmerman B, Dooley K. Health care organizations as complex adaptive systems. In S. M. Mick, M. Wyttenbach, editors, Advances in health care organization theory; 2003. p. 253-88.
Sherbino J, Frank JR, Flynn L, Snell L. “Intrinsic Roles” rather than “armour”: renaming the “non-medical expert roles” of the CanMEDS framework to match their intent. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2011 Aug;16:695-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-011-9318-z
Guy-Evans O. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory. Simply Psychology. 2020 March;25.
Gauld R. Clinical leadership: what is it and how do we facilitate it? J Prim Health Care. 2017 Mar;9(1):5-8. https://doi.org/10.1071/HC16041
Wong R, Brears S, Holmes C, et al. University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine. Acad Med. 2020; 95(9S):S566-569. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003301
Program objectives. Calgary (AB): Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary; 2021. Available from: https://cumming.ucalgary.ca/sites/default/files/teams/4/UME%20PDF/objective.pdf [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
MD/MBA. Edmonton (AB): University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry; 2021. Available from: https://www.ualberta.ca/medicine/programs/md/md-mba.html. [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Malin G, Gjevre R, Blakley P, Stobart K. College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan. Acad Med. 2020 Sep;95(9S):S601-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003486.
UGME Leadership Curriculum - Objectives [Internet]. Winnipeg (MB): Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba; 2021. Available from: https://www.ugmeleadershipcurriculummb.ca/home/objectives [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Ross BM, Cervin C. Northern Ontario School of Medicine. Acad Med. 2020 Sep;95(9S):S588-91. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003348.
Tithecott G, Massey KD, Van Deven T, et al. Western University Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry. Acad Med. 2020 Sep;95(9S):S583-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003470.
Tonin P, Bernstein S, Bryden P, et al. University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine. Acad Med. 2020 Sep;95(9S):S579-82. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003316.
Flynn L, Stockley D. Queen’s University Faculty of Health Sciences. Acad Med. 2020 Sep;95(9S):S575-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003489.
Undergraduate Medical Education (UGME) Leadership curriculum. Ottawa (ON): University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine; 2021. Available from: https://med.uottawa.ca/undergraduate/education/social-accountability/associated-programs/leadership [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Cummings BA, Koch M, Mondou M, Millar C, Elizov M. McGill University Faculty of Medicine. Acad Med. 2020 Sep;95(9S):S592-5. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003309.
Objectifs institutionnels du programme [Internet]. Québec City (QC): Université de Laval Faculté de médecine; 2021. Available from: https://www.fmed.ulaval.ca/fileadmin/documents/programmes-etudes/etudes-medecine/doctorat-1er-cycle-medecine/documents/pol-35-objectifs-institutionnels-programme.pdf [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Adey T, Peddle C, Steele M. Memorial University of Newfoundland Faculty of Medicine. Acad Med. 2020 Sep;95(9S):S570-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003311.
MED 5730: Physician competencies I [Internet]. St. John’s (NL): Memorial University of Newfoundland Faculty of medicine; 2021. Available from: https://www.med.mun.ca/StudentHandbook/Phase-1/Phase-1-Assessment-Plans/MED-5730-Physician-Competencies-I-Assessment-Plan.aspx [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
MED 6770: Physician Competencies II [Internet]. St. John’s (NL): Memorial University of Newfoundland Faculty of medicine; 2021. Available from: https://www.med.mun.ca/StudentHandbook/Phase-2/Phase-2-Assessment-Plans/MED-6770-Physician-Competencies-II-Assessment-Plan.aspx [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
MED 77300: Physician competencies III [Internet]. St. John’s (NL): Memorial University of Newfoundland Faculty of medicine; 2021[cited 2021 June 21]. Available from: https://www.med.mun.ca/StudentHandbook/Phase-3/Phase-3-Assessment-Plans/MED-7730-Physician-Competencies-III-Assessment-Pla.aspx
MED 8750: Physician Competencies IV [Internet]. St. John’s (NL): Memorial University of Newfoundland Faculty of medicine; 2021. Available from: https://www.med.mun.ca/StudentHandbook/Phase-4/Phase-4-Assessment-Plans/MED-8750-Physician-Competencies-IV-Assessment-Plan-Class-of-2023.aspx [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
UBC MDUP exit competencies: role descriptions, key and enabling competencies [Internet]. Vancouver (BC): University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine; 2021. Available from: https://med-fom-ugrad.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2021/06/MDUP_ExitCompetencies_2021.Final_.pdf [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Program objectives. Calgary (AB): Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary; 2021. Available from: https://cumming.ucalgary.ca/sites/default/files/teams/4/UME%20PDF/objective.pdf [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Program level objectives [Internet]. Edmonton (AB): University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry; 2021. Available from: https://www.ualberta.ca/medicine/programs/md/our-program/curriculum/program-level-objectives.html [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Program learning objectives [Internet]. Saskatoon (SK): University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine; 2021. Available from: https://medicine.usask.ca/students/undergraduate/curriculum-schedules-objectives.php#ProgramLearningObjectives [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Manager [Internet]. Winnipeg (MB): Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba; 2021. Available from: https://umanitoba.ca/faculties/health_sciences/medicine/education/undergraduate/8746.html [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Undergraduate medical education course descriptions 2020 - 2021 [Internet]. Thunder Bay (ON): Northern Ontario School of Medicine; 2021. Available from: https://www.nosm.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-2021-MD-Program-Course-Descriptions.docx [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Leader (LE) [Internet]. London (ON): Western University Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; 2021. Available from: https://www.schulich.uwo.ca/cbme/docs/Pages-from-Competencies_Staged-Aug_2019_Leader_FINAL.pdf [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Education goals and competency framework [Internet]. Toronto (ON): Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto; 2021. Available from: https://md.utoronto.ca/mdprogramcompetencies [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Competency framework [Internet]. Montreal (QC): McGill University Faculty of Medicine; 2021. Available from: https://www.mcgill.ca/ugme/mdcm-curriculum-joint-programs/program-learning-outcomes/competency-framework [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
MDCM program - educational objectives [Internet]. Montreal (QC): McGill University Faculty of Medicine; 2021. Available from: https://www.mcgill.ca/ugme/files/ugme/mdcm_12-12-2015_version_11-28-2016.pdf [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Structure du programme [Internet]. Montréal (QC): Université de Montréal Faculté de Médecine; 2021. Available from: https://medecine.umontreal.ca/etudes/doctorat-en-medecine/structure-du-programme/ [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Objectifs institutionnels du programme [Internet] Québec City (QC): Université de Laval Faculté de Médecine; 2021. Available from: https://www.fmed.ulaval.ca/fileadmin/documents/programmes-etudes/etudes-medecine/doctorat-1er-cycle-medecine/documents/pol-35-objectifs-institutionnels-programme.pdf. [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé: programme de doctorat en médecine [Internet] Sherbrooke (QC); Université de Sherbrooke Faculté de Médecine; 2021. Available from: https://www.usherbrooke.ca/doctorat-medecine/fileadmin/sites/doctorat-medecine/images/Agrement_2019/presentation_prog-md_2017_vf.pdf [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Curriculum map undergraduate medical education program [Internet] Halifax (ON): Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine; 2021. Available from: https://cdn.dal.ca/content/dam/dalhousie/pdf/faculty/medicine/departments/core-units/undergrad/Curriculum_map_public.pdf [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Undergraduate medical education program objectives [Internet]. St. John’s (NL): Memorial University of Newfoundland Faculty of Medicine; 2021. Available from: https://www.med.mun.ca/UGradME/pdf/UGME-Program-Objectives.aspx [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Constitution and bylaws [Internet]. Vancouver (BC): Medical Undergraduate Society of the University of British Columbia; 2021. Available from: https://med-fom-mus.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2020/05/April-2020-Approved-AGM-MUS-Constitution-2019-2020.docx [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Alumni engagement [Internet]. Vancouver (BC): University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine; 2021. Available from: https://alumni.med.ubc.ca/maa/maa-awards/student-leadership-award/ [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Calgary Medical Students’ Association constitution [Internet]. Calgary (AB): Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary; 2021. Available from: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5691981d841aba578bf3e1dd/t/5fd7f1b0fc9304041f997b09/1607987633488/CMSA+Constitution+Final+V+11.4+Clean.pdf [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Constitution Medical Students’ Association of the University of Alberta [Internet]. Edmonton (AB): University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry; 2021. Available from: https://www.ualberta.ca/medicine/media-library/resources/msa/msa-council-2020-2021/msa-constitution-2020.pdf [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
MD Curriculum and Program Committee terms of reference [Internet]. Edmonton (AB): University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry; 2021. Available from: https://www.ualberta.ca/medicine/media-library/programs/md/curriculum/mdcurriculumandprogramcommitteetorapprovedapril242017.pdf [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Awards & finances [Internet]. Edmonton (AB): University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry; 2021. Available from: https://www.ualberta.ca/medicine/resources/medical-students-association/student-resources/awards-finances.html [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Constitution of the Student Medical Society of Saskatchewan (SMSS) [Internet]. Saskatoon (SK): University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine; 2021. Available from: https://saskmedstudents.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/SMSS-Constitution-Updated-AGM-2020.pdf [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Medical student leader of the year award [Internet]. Saskatoon (SK): University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine; 2021. Available from: https://www.sma.sk.ca/kaizen/content/files/Student%20Leader%20of%20the%20Year-Program%20Parameters%202020.pdf [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
MMSA changes to the constitution [Internet]. Winnipeg (MB): Manitoba Medical Students’ Association; 2021. Available from: https://mmsa.online/mmsa-news/mmsa-changes-to-the-constitution/ [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Committees [Internet]. Winnipeg (MB): Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba; 2021. Available from: https://umanitoba.ca/faculties/afs/staff/committees.html [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Awards and financial aid [Internet]. Winnipeg (MB): Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba; 2021. Available from: https://umanitoba.ca/medicine/student-experience/awards-and-financial-aid [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
NOSMSC documents [Internet]. Thunder Bay (ON): Northern Ontario School of Medicine; 2021. Available from: https://www.nosm.ca/our-community/nosm-student-council/links/ [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
NOSM awards of education and scholarship [internet]. Thunder Bay (ON): Northern Ontario School of Medicine; 2021. Available from: https://www.nosm.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/2020-Awards-of-Education-Information-Package-2020.pdf [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
New curriculum committee draws more faculty and site clinicians to the table [Internet]. Thunder Bay (ON): Northern Ontario School of Medicine; 2021. Available from: https://www.nosm.ca/2020/03/09/new-curriculum-committee-draws-more-faculty-and-site-clinicians-to-the-table/ [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Council members [Internet]. London (ON): Hippocratic Council Western University Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; 2021. Available from: https://schulichmeds.com/council-members [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Constitution [Internet]. Hamilton (ON): McMaster Medical Student Council; 2021. Available from: http://www.macmedsc.ca/uploads/5/6/5/6/56562867/mmsc_constitution.pdf [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Curriculum Committee terms of reference [Internet]. Toronto (ON): Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto; 2021. Available from: https://md.utoronto.ca/sites/default/files/Curriculum%20Cmte%20terms%20of%20reference_2019-12-03.pdf [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Curriculum Committee terms of reference [Internet]. Kingston (ON). Queen’s University School of Medicine; 2021. Available from: https://meds.queensu.ca/source/UGME%20Committee%20TOR/Curriculum_Committee_Terms_of_Reference__October_2020_approved%20MD%20PEC%20Nov%2027%202020.pdf [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
The constitution of the Aesculapian Society [Internet]. Ottawa (ON): University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine; 2021. Available from: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1xa-03s1TFyhoGdGwNnevjI1r9NMr4TPAjpk33KjumA4/edit [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Constitution of the Medical Students’ Society of McGill University [Internet]. Montreal (QC): McGill University Faculty of Medicine; 2021. Available from: https://www.mcgillmed.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/OFFICIAL-Constitution-May-17th-2020.pdf [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
MD, CM Program Committee [Internet]. Montreal (QC): McGill University Faculty of Medicine; 2021. Available from: https://www.mcgill.ca/ugme/files/ugme/mdcm_program_committee.pdf [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Règlements généraux [Internet]. Montréal (QC): Association Des Étudiantes Et Étudiants En Médecine De L’université De Montréal (Aéémum); 2021. Available from: https://docs.google.com/document/d/10lYAvwsa_Gvkhs4hnMSWBl8AJPRivlkD/edit [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Charte, statuts et règlements généraux [Internet]. Québec City (QC): Le Regroupement des Étudiants en Médecine de l’Université Laval; 2021. Available from: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wpl2hScSVGEaFbWHfcHpGFQ0A0i-3Jkb/view [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Règlements généraux [Internet]. Sherbrooke (QC): Association Générale Étudiante De Médecine De L’université De Sherbrooke; 2021. Available from: https://278871b6-2d42-4b6c-a409-d5091ef31ac9.filesusr.com/ugd/d889c7_cc7a811a42034ba8a732e4796f2162ea.pdf [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Terms of reference for the Dalhousie Medical Students’ Society [Internet]. Halifax (ON): Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine; 2021. Available from: https://www.dmss.ca/uploads/1/1/9/1/11911997/dmss_terms_of_reference_council_members_roles_responsibilities_2021-22.docx.pdf [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Undergraduate Medical Studies (UGMS) Committee terms of reference [Internet]. St. John’s (NL): Memorial University of Newfoundland Faculty of Medicine; 2021. Available from: https://www.med.mun.ca/getattachment/c9004a35-db88-4cc3-94a3-b6f22706c020/UGMS-Committee-Terms-of-Reference.pdf.aspx?lang=en-CA [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Faculty of medicine scholarships [Internet]. St. John’s (NL): Memorial University of Newfoundland Faculty of Medicine; 2021. Available from: https://www.mun.ca/scholarships/scholarships/current/medicine.php [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Emerging leaders program [Internet]. Hamilton (ON): Health Leadership Academy; 2021. Available from: https://healthleadershipacademy.ca/education/emerging-leaders/ [Accessed on Oct 2, 2021].
Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada. Future of Medical Education in Canada (FMEC): a collective vision for MD education. 2010. Available from: https://www.afmc.ca/sites/default/files/pdf/2010-FMEC-MD_EN.pdf [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
James E, Evans M, Mi M. Leadership training and undergraduate medical education: a scoping review. Med Sci Educ. 2021 Aug;31:1501–1509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-021-01308-9
Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada. Future of Medical Education in Canada (FMEC) 2020: ‘One Vision Forward.’ 2020. Available from: https://www.afmc.ca/web/sites/default/files/pdf/2020-FMEC_en.pdf [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
College complaints on the rise: better communication can help [Internet]. [place unknown: publisher unknown]; 2018 Mar [updated 2021 May]. Available from: https://www.cmpa-acpm.ca/en/advice-publications/browse-articles/2018/college-complaints-on-the-rise-better-communication-can-help [Accessed Oct 8, 2021].
Benrimoh D, Hodgson E, Demko N, et al. Advocacy and leadership in Canadian medical student curricula. Policy paper. Ottawa: Canadian Federation of Medical Students; and Montréal: Fédération médicale étudiante du Québec; 2016. Available: https://tinyurl.com/y3ap72y8 [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
System leadership and innovation. Toronto (ON): Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto; 2021. Available from: https://ihpme.utoronto.ca/academics/rd/system-leadership-and-innovation/ [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Shaw E, Oandasan I, Fowler N. CanMEDS-FM 2017: a competency framework for family physicians across the continuum. Mississauga (ON): The College of Family Physicians of Canada; 2017. 21p.
Kitty D, Funnell S. CanMEDS-FM Indigenous Health Supplement. Mississauga (ON): The College of Family Physicians of Canada; 2020.
Richardson L, Anderson M, Funnell S., Little L, Fréchette D, Di Gioacchino L. Indigenous health in specialty postgraduate medical education: Education guide. Ottawa (ON): Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada; 2021.
Van Aerde J. The health system is on fire and it was predictable. CJPL. 2020;15(1)43-51. Figure 2, Elements of health and the Canadian health care system; p.44. https://doi.org/10.37964/cr24727
Van Aerde J. Relationship-centred care: toward real health system reform. CJPL. 2015;1(3):3-6. Available from: http://physicianleaders.ca/assets/cjplwinter_2015.pdf.
Soklaridis S, Ravitz P, Adler Nevo G, Lieff S. Relationship-centred care in health: a 20-year scoping review. Patient Exp J. 2016;3(1):130-45. https://doi.org/10.35680/2372-0247.1111
Amin M, MacLachlan M, Mannan H, et al. EquiFrame: a framework for analysis of the inclusion of human rights and vulnerable groups in health policies. Health Hum Rights. 2011;13(2):1-20. Available from: https://www.hhrjournal.org/2013/08/equiframe-a-framework-for-analysis-of-the-inclusion-of-human-rights-and-vulnerable-groups-in-health-policies
Okanagan Charter: An International Charter for Health Promoting Universities and Colleges (2015). International Conference on Health Promoting Universities & Colleges; 2015. 12p.
Dath D, Chan M-K, Abbott C. CanMEDS 2015: from Manager to Leader. Ottawa: The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada; 2015. 9p.
Kaissi A. Enhancing physician engagement: an international perspective. Int J of Health Serv. 2014 Jul;44(3):567-92. https://doi.org/10.2190/HS.44.3.h
Franken M, Koolman X. Health system goals: a discrete choice experiment to obtain societal valuations. Health Policy. 2013 Sep;112(1-2):28-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2012.12.013
Fact Sheets. Universal health coverage [Internet]. 2021 Apr. Details. Available from: https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/universal-health-coverage-(uhc) [Assessed Jun 23, 2021].
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Truth and reconciliation commission of Canada: calls to action. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada; 2015. 20p.
United Nations. United Nations declaration on the rights of Indigenous Peoples: United Nations; 2007 Sept. 32p. Report No.:A/RES/61/295
Buller M, Audette M, Robinson Q, Eyolfson B, National Family Advisory Circle. Reclaiming power and place: The final report of the national inquiry into missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls. 2019;1(a). 728p. Report No.: CP32-163/2-1-2019E-PDF
Chan M-K, Dickson G, Keegan DA, Busari JO, Matlow A, Van Aerde J. A tale of two frameworks: Charting a path to lifelong learning for physician leaders through CanMEDS and LEADS. Leadersh in Health Serv. 2021;35(1):46–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHS-04-2021-0032
Dweck CS. Mindset: The new psychology of success. Random House Digital, Inc.; 2008.
The Workshop New Zealand. The Workshop New Zealand Website. 2021. Available from https://www.theworkshop.org.nz/ [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Rock D. SCARF: a brain-based model for collaborating with and influencing others. NeuroLeadership. 2008 Jan;1(1):44-52.
Reitz M, Higgins J. Speaking truth to power: why leaders cannot hear what they need to hear. BMJ Leader. 2020;0:1-4. https://doi.org/10.1136/leader-2020-000394
Gonzalo JD, Ogrinc G. Health systems science: the “broccoli” of undergraduate medical education. Acad Med. 2019 Oct 1;94(10):1425-32. https://doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000002815
LEADS framework. Ottawa (ON): Canadian College of Health Leaders; 2021. Available from: https://leadscanada.net/site/about/about-us/framework?nav=sidebar [Accessed Jun 21, 2021].
Sebok-Syer SS, Chahine S, Watling CJ, Goldszmidt M, Cristancho S, Lingard L. Considering the interdependence of clinical performance: implications for assessment and entrustment. Med Ed. 2018 Apr;52(9):970-80. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13588
Lingard L. Paradoxical truths and persistent myths: reframing the team competence conversation. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2016 Summer;36(1): S19-21. https://doi.org/10.1097/CEH.0000000000000078
Nimmon L, Artino AR, Varpio L. Social network theory in interprofessional education: revealing hidden power. J Grad Med Educ. 2019 Jun;11(3)247-50. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-19-00253.1
Buckley H, Nimmon L. Social connectedness in virtual learning contexts. Clin Teach. 2020 Oct;18(3):208-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/tct.13281
Dickson G, Tholl B. Bringing leadership to life in health: LEADS in a caring environment. London: Springer-Verlag, 2014.
Sonnenberg LK, Do V, Maniate J et al. Deconstructing the ABC’s of leadership for successful curriculum development and implementation in residency education. Leadersh in Health Serv. 2021 Aug16;35(1):1–13.
Abbas MR, Quince TA, Wood DF, Benson JA. Attitudes of medical students to medical leadership and management: a systematic review to inform curriculum development. BMC Med Educ. 2011 Dec;11(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-11-93.
Téléchargements
Publié-e
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
(c) Tous droits réservés Ming-Ka Chan, Auriele Volk, Nivedh Patro, Wonjae Lee, Lyn K Sonnenberg, Deepak Dath, Diane de Camps Meschino 2022
Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.
La soumission d’un manuscrit original à la revue constitue une indication qu’il s’agit d’un travail original, qu’il n’a jamais été publié et qu’il n’est pas envisagé pour publication dans une autre revue. S’il est accepté, il sera publié en ligne et ne pourra l’être ailleurs sous la même forme, à des fins commerciales, dans quelque langue que ce soit, sans l’accord de l’éditeur.
La publication d’une recherche scientifique a pour but la diffusion de connaissances et, sous un régime sans but lucratif, ne profite financièrement ni à l’éditeur ni à l’auteur.
Les auteurs qui publient dans la Revue canadienne d’éducation médicale acceptent de publier leurs articles sous la licence Creative Commons Paternité - Pas d’utilisation commerciale, Pas de modification 4.0 Canada. Cette licence permet à quiconque de télécharger et de partager l’article à des fins non commerciales, à condition d’en attribuer le crédit aux auteurs. Pour plus de détails sur les droits que les auteurs accordent aux utilisateurs de leur travail, veuillez consulter le résumé de la licence et la licence complète.
