Improving undergraduate medical training on intellectual and developmental disabilities through clinical skills sessions

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.82029

Abstract

At the University of Toronto, in collaboration with Special Olympics Ontario (SOO), we integrated individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) into first-year clinical skills sessions through the existing volunteer patient program. Students reported increased confidence and communication skills, while volunteers felt respected and empowered. This initiative addresses a critical training gap by offering early, authentic exposure to a population often marginalized in healthcare. Other institutions can adopt this model to foster more well-rounded, inclusive medical trainees. Embedding individuals with IDD into clinical education improves learner preparedness and promotes equity, empathy, and patient-centered care across diverse healthcare settings. 

Author Biographies

  • Maizy Ann MacDonald, University of Toronto

    Medical Student

  • Saim Imran, University of Toronto

    Medical Student

  • Lily Blyth, University of Toronto

    Medical Student

  • Joshua Andrusiak, University of Toronto

    Medical Student

  • Chris Gilchrist, University of Toronto
      Assistant Professor. Course Director, Introduction to Medicine.  Associate Director, Clinical Skills Department of Family and Community Medicine  

     

  • Grant Chen, University of Toronto

    Physician Lead, Faculty Development at the Scarborough Academy of Medicine. Lecturer in the Division of Gastroenterology within the Department of Medicine at the University of Toronto. Clinical Skills Site Lead for Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre.

References

1. Special Olympics Virginia. Changing outcomes: changing lives. 2021. Available from: https://www.specialolympicsva.org/News/changing-outcomes-changing-lives [[Accessed on Jul 24, 2025].

2. Hemm C, Dagnan D, Meyer TD. Identifying training needs for mainstream healthcare pro-fessionals, to prepare them for working with individuals with intellectual disabilities: a sys-tematic review. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. (2015) 28:98–110. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12117

3. Stone EM, Bonsignore S, Crystal S, Samples H. Disabled patients' experiences of healthcare services in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Health Serv Res. 2025 Mar 4;60(4):e14598. Epub ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14598

4. Melhas M, Hermans H, Orr E, et al. About my health: learning about the healthcare and communication needs of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Developmental Disabilities Primary Care Program of Surrey Place, Toronto; 2019.

5. Tarzi G, Yip A, Jiwa MI, et al. Experiences, atti-tudes, and knowledge of medical students re-garding intellectual and developmental disabil-ity: a Canadian study. BMC Med Educ. 2024 Dec 20;24(1):1509. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-06482-z

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Published

2026-03-04

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