Blended and Online Learning Policy Development in Higher Education: Key Considerations

Authors

  • Raisa Alarakyia-Jivani
  • Cameron Carley
  • Alysia-Christine Wright

Keywords:

blended and online learning, policy, framework, higher education, U15s

Abstract

The global use of blended and online learning (BOL) in higher education has recently increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This exponential expansion requires higher education institutions to prioritize scholarship and examine the policies, frameworks, practices, and structures that support a clear objective toward high-quality BOL that is not fragmented across faculty and programs. Within Canada, the U15 Group of Canadian Research Universities (U15s) describe the top research universities that exemplify the production of scholarship that influences research and policy within and outside of higher education institutions. Through conducting two environmental scans of BOL policies at the U15s in 2022, the authors identified important elements of BOL policies that could be useful in future institutional planning and decision-making related to modality. The authors isolated key themes that would be beneficial for institutions to standardize and offered comprehensive strategies and limitations to ensure consistent regulation of BOL policies. Ultimately, there is no singular approach to creating effective policy regarding BOL. However, creating and implementing BOL policy is necessary for high-quality BOL practices.

References

Accessibility (n.d.) Dalhousie University. Retrieved October 24, 2022, from

https://www.dal.ca/dept/online-teaching/accessibility.html

Ashraf, M. A., Yang, M., Zhang, Y., Denden, M., Tlili, A., Liu, J., Huang, R., & Burgos, D.

(2021). A systematic review of systematic reviews on blended learning: Trends, gaps and future directions. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 14, 1525-1541. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S331741

Bhagat, S., & Kim, D. J. (2020). Higher education amidst COVID-19: Challenges and silver

Lining. Information Systems Management, 37(4), 366-371.

https://doi.org/10.1080/10580530.2020.1824040

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Centre for Teaching and Learning. (2019). eLearning strategy. Dalhousie University. Retrieved

October 24, 2022, from https://www.dal.ca/dept/clt/e-learning/elearning_strategy.html

Christians, D. (n.d.). How online leadership is changing in higher education. TechSmith.

https://www.techsmith.com/blog/online-leadership-education/

Coman, C., Țîru, L. G., Meseșan-Schmitz, L., Stanciu, C., & Bularca, M. C. (2020). Online

teaching and learning in higher education during the coronavirus pandemic: Students’ perspective. Sustainability, 12(24), Article 10367. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU122410367

Cote, A., & White, A. (2020, December 20). Higher education for lifelong learners: A roadmap

for Ontario post-secondary leaders and policymakers. Ontario 360.

https://on360.ca/policy-papers/higher-education-for-lifelong-learners-a-roadmap-for-ontario-post-secondary-leaders-and-policymakers/

Delaney, J. G. (2017). Education policy: Bridging the divide between theory and practice (2nd

ed.). Brush Education.

Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Pitman.

Garrett, R., Simunich, B., Legon, R., & Fredericksen, E. E. (2021). CHLOE 6: Online learning

leaders adapt for a post-pandemic world. Quality Matters.

https://www.qualitymatters.org/qa-resources/resource-center/articles-resources/CHLOE-6-report-2021

Garrison, D. R., & Kanuka, H. (2004). Blended learning: Uncovering its transformative potential in higher education. The Internet and Higher Education, 7(2), 95–105.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2004.02.001

Graham, C. R. (2006). Blended learning systems: Definition, current trends and future directions. In C. J. Bonk & C. R. Graham (Eds.), The handbook of blended learning: Global

perspectives, local designs (pp. 3–21). Pfeiffer.

Herron, J., Lashley, J., Salley, W., & Shaw, M. (n.d.). The Chief Online Learning Officer:

Competencies, roles, and trajectories. Unbound. https://unbound.upcea.edu/online-2/online-education/the-chief-online-learning-officer-competencies-roles-and-trajectories/

Hrastinski, S. (2019). What do we mean by blended learning? TechTrends, 63(5), 564–569.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-019-00375-5

King, E., & Alperstein, N. (2017). Best practices in planning strategically for online

educational programs. Routledge.

Lim, C. P., Wang, T., & Graham, C. (2019). Driving, sustaining, and scaling up blended learning

practices in higher education institutions: A proposed framework. Innovation and

Education, 1(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42862-019-0002-0

Moore, J. L., Dickson-Deane, C., & Galyen, K. (2011). e-Learning, online learning, and distance

learning environments: Are they the same? The Internet and Higher Education, 14(2), 129-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2010.10.001

Oleshko, A., Sliusareva, L., & Budіakova, О. (2022). Sociological context of higher education blended learning policy. Public Administration and Law Review, (4), 4-15. https://doi.org/10.36690/2674-5216-2022-4-4

Pal, L. A. (2006). Beyond policy analysis: Public issue management in turbulent times (3rd ed.). Nelson Educated Limited.

Policies and procedures (n.d.). University of British Columbia. Retrieved October 24, 2022,

from https://distancelearning.ubc.ca/learner-support/policies-and-procedures/

Rajabalee, Y. B., & Santally, M. I. (2021). Learner satisfaction, engagement, and performances in an online module: Implications for institutional e-learning policy. Education and

Information Technologies, 26(3), 2623-2656.

School of Graduate Studies (2022). Guidelines for online learning in graduate academic

programs. University of Toronto. Retrieved October 24, 2022, from https://www.sgs.utoronto.ca/policies-guidelines/online-learning-guidelines/

Singh, V., & Thurman, A. (2019). How many ways can we define online learning? A systematic

literature review of definitions of online learning (1988-2018). American Journal of

Distance Education, 33(4), 289-306. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923647.2019.1663082

Student Success Centre. (n.d.). Online learning support. McMaster University. Retrieved October 24, 2022, from https://studentsuccess.mcmaster.ca/writing-and-academic-skills/online-learning/

Thurab-Nkhosi, D. (2018). Implementing a blended/online learning policy on a face-to-face

campus: Perspectives of administrators and implications for change. Journal of Learning

for Development, 5(2), 133-147.

University of British Columbia. (n.d.). Distance learning policies and procedures. https://distancelearning.ubc.ca/learner-support/policies-and-procedures/

University of British Columbia. (n.d.). ECPS guidelines for approval, development, and staffing

of online courses. https://ecps.educ.ubc.ca/internal/policies-procedures/ecps-guidelines-for-approval-development-and-staffing-of-online-courses/

U15 Group of Canadian Research Universities. (2016, March 22). Budget 2016: A strong

commitment to scientific research. https://u15.ca/publications/statements-releases/budget-2016-a-strong-commitment-to-scientific-research/

University Technology Services. (n.d.). Technology resources for McMaster students. McMaster

University. Retrieved October 24, 2022, from https://uts.mcmaster.ca/technology-resources-for-mcmaster-students/#tab-content-it-security

Downloads

Published

2024-12-17

How to Cite

Alarakyia-Jivani, R., Carley, C., & Wright, A.-C. (2024). Blended and Online Learning Policy Development in Higher Education: Key Considerations. Emerging Perspectives: Interdisciplinary Graduate Research in Education and Psychology, 7(1). Retrieved from https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/ep/article/view/80450