Motivations à s’engager dans la recherche et épuisement professionnel en education médicale : étude à méthodes mixtes auprès des étudiants en médecine et des residents

Auteurs-es

  • Devin Box Western University
  • Skylar Healey Western University
  • Stefani Mihilli Western University
  • Kristen Barton Western University
  • Ryan Degen Western University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9981-6074
  • Mary Ott York University

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.80435

Résumé

Contexte : L’épuisement professionnel est en hausse dans la formation médicale, en lien avec l’alourdissement de la charge de travail. Parmi ces exigences croissantes figure la pression exercée dès les premières étapes de la formation pour produire des travaux de recherche. Toutefois, les répercussions de cette tendance et les facteurs qui pourraient les moduler demeurent peu connus à mesure que les apprenants progressent dans leur parcours. Les sources de motivation et les mécanismes de soutien pourraient jouer un rôle important, notamment parce que la motivation intrinsèque est associée au bien-être. Cette étude à méthodes mixtes a examiné les liens entre l’épuisement professionnel et les motivations à faire de la recherche auprès d’un échantillon d’étudiants en médecine et de résidents dans un centre universitaire.

Méthodes : Les participants ont rempli un questionnaire en ligne comprenant des échelles validées pour mesurer l’épuisement professionnel (Maslach Burnout Inventory) et la motivation intrinsèque à faire de la recherche (à l’aide de la Situational Motivation Scale), ainsi que des questions ouvertes visant à identifier les soutiens à l’autonomie, à la compétence et au sentiment d’appartenance dans le processus de recherche. Les résultats ont été synthétisés à partir d’analyses statistiques et thématiques, en s’appuyant sur le cadre théorique de l’autodétermination.

Résultats : Quarante-trois réponses au questionnaire ont été analysées. La prévalence globale de l’épuisement professionnel était élevée (60,5 %) et témoignait d’un impact progressif, avec une augmentation significative de la dépersonnalisation chez les résidents comparativement aux étudiants en médecine. Les participants qui formulaient des raisons davantage intrinsèques pour faire de la recherche présentaient des niveaux moindres d’épuisement professionnel. Les personnes motivées de façon intrinsèque bénéficiaient généralement de plus grands soutiens relationnels et universitaires, et étaient moins enclines à intérioriser les obstacles à la réalisation de travaux de recherche. Les résidents exprimaient un plus grand sentiment de compétence dans leur capacité à mener des projets de recherche, mais disposaient de moins de soutiens relationnels.

Discussion/Conclusions : L’épuisement professionnel est une condition multifactorielle nécessitant des stratégies d’atténuation variées. Cette étude a mis en évidence une corrélation entre la motivation à faire de la recherche et l’épuisement professionnel, ainsi que des facteurs protecteurs médiateurs. Ces résultats peuvent orienter l’étude d’interventions ciblant le soutien motivationnel afin de favoriser le développement de la formation à la recherche en médecine.

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Publié

2025-07-25

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Recherche originale