Transforming medical education leadership through a Pedagogy of Peace

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36834/rcze1597

Abstract

Background: Leadership in Canadian medical education continues to be shaped by hierarchical, Western-derived paradigms that inadequately address systemic inequities, reconciliation, and the Calls to Action of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. There is a pressing need for leadership models that reflect Indigenous worldviews and respond to the challenges of medical education in the twenty-first century.

Purpose: This paper introduces the Pedagogy of Peace—a theoretical framework grounded in Haudenosaunee and Anishinaabe teachings—as a novel conceptual model for medical education leadership. While originally developed as a curricular framework, its teachings hold important implications for re-imagining how leadership is understood, practiced, and cultivated in academic medicine.

Framework: The Pedagogy of Peace is structured around four interrelated dimensions: knowing (self-in-relation), understanding (nurturing a good mind), doing (strengths-based action), and honouring (peace-focused solutions). Together, these principles articulate a holistic and relational approach to leadership that emphasizes positionality, reciprocity, integrity, and balance across physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual domains.

Implications: By positioning the Pedagogy of Peace alongside existing leadership competencies (e.g., CanMEDS, AFMC frameworks), this paper advances a vision of leadership that is relational, peace-focused, and strengths-based. This theoretical contribution suggests pathways for medical schools to engage meaningfully with reconciliation, diversify leadership practices, and embed Indigenous epistemologies into institutional governance.

Conclusion: The Pedagogy of Peace offers a theoretically grounded, Indigenous-informed model for leadership in medical education. By shifting how leadership is conceptualized, it opens new possibilities for cultivating leaders who can guide Canadian medical education toward equity, sustainability, and reconciliation.

Author Biographies

  • Jamaica Cass, Queen's University

    Adjunct Assistant Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University

  • Lindsay Brant, Queen's University

    Adjunct Assistant Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University

References

1. Soklaridis S, Lin E, Black G, et al. Moving beyond “think leadership, think white male”: the contents and contexts of equity, diversity and inclusion in physician leadership programmes. BMJ leader. 2022;6(2):146-157. https://doi.org/10.1136/leader-2021-000542

2. Frank JR, Snell L, Sherbino J. CanMEDS 2015 Physician Competency Framework. Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada; 2015. Available from: https://canmeds.royalcollege.ca/en/framework [Accessed Dec 29, 2025].

3. Gaudry A, Lorenz D. Indigenization as inclusion, reconciliation, and decolonization: navigating the different visions for indigenizing the Canadian academy. AlterNative. 2018;14(3):218-227. https://doi.org/10.1177/1177180118785382

4. Brant L. The Pedagogy of Peace. Queens University. 2024. Available from https://www.queensu.ca/ctl/resources/decolonizing-and-indigenizing/pedagogy-peace.

5. Committee on Accreditation of Canadian Medical Schools. Accreditation standards for Canadian medical schools. 2023.

6. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Calls to Action.; 2015.

7. Nychuk A, Clark C, Brascoupé S, et al. Wise Practices in Indigenous medical learner recruitment, admissions and transitions, including cultural safety assessment criteria and procedures.; 2024. Available from https://ncime.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Wise-practices-in-Indigenous-medical-learner-recruitment-admissions-and-transitions-including-cultural-safety-assessment-criteria-and-procedures.pdf [Accessed Dec 30, 2025].

8. Touchie C, Boucher A. AFMC Entrustable Professional Activities for the transition from medical school to residency.; 2016. Available from https://www.afmc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/AFMC_Entrustable-Professional-Activities_EN_Final.pdf [Accessed Dec 29, 2025].

9. Nychuk A, Syring J, Price R, et al. Short and long-term plans to attain the critical masses.; 2024. https://ncime.ca/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Short-and-Long-Term-Plans-to-Attain-the-Critical-Masses-ver.10.0.pdf [Accessed Dec 29, 2025].

10. Wilson Shawn. Research Is ceremony Indigenous research methods. Fernwood Publishing; 2009.

11. Kovach Margaret. Indigenous methodologies : characteristics, conversations, and contexts. University of Toronto Press; 2021.

12. Hart MA. Indigenous worldviews, knowledge, and research: the development of an indigenous research paradigm. J Indigenous Voices in Social Work. 2010;1(1A):1-16. https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/jisd/article/view/63043/46988

13. Simpson LB. As we have always done: Indigenous freedom through radical resistance. University of Minnesota Press; 2017. https://doi.org/10.5749/j.ctt1pwt77c

14. Bolden R. Distributed leadership in organizations: a review of theory and research. Int J Manag Rev. 2011;13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2011.00306.x

15. Uhl-Bien M, Marion R, McKelvey B. Complexity leadership theory: shifting leadership from the industrial age to the knowledge era. Leadersh Q. 2007;18(4):298-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.04.002

16. Steinert Y. Faculty development: from workshops to communities of practice. Med Teach. 2010;32(5):425-438. https://doi.org/10.3109/01421591003677897

17. Crippen C. Serve, Teach, and Lead: It’s All About Relationships. InSight : J Schol Teach. 2010;5. https://doi.org/10.46504/05201002cr

18. Absolon KE. Kaandossiwin : How we come to know : Indigenous research methodologies. Fernwood Publishing; 2022.

19. Redsky A, Clark C, Voth J, Mercredi O, Anderson A. Guidelines for the development of Indigenous studies, cultural safety & anti-racism assessment in medical education.; 2024. https://ncime.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Guidelines-for-the-Development-of-Indigenous-Studies-Cultural-Safety-Anti-racism-Assessment-in-Medical-Education.pdf [Accessed Dec 30, 2025].

20. Canadian College of Health Leaders. LEADS in a caring environment framework. Available from https://cchl-ccls.ca/pld-leads/the-leads-framework/ [Accessed on Sept 13, 2025].

21. Canadian College of Health Leaders. Refreshing the LEADS in a caring environment framework. Available from https://cchl-ccls.ca/pld-leads/leads-refresh/. [Accessed on Sept 13, 2025].

22. Steinert Y, Naismith L, Mann K. Faculty development initiatives designed to promote leadership in medical education. A BEME systematic review: BEME Guide No. 19. Med Teach. 2012;34(6):483-503. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2012.680937

23. Smith LTuhiwai. Decolonizing methodologies : research and Indigenous peoples. Bloomsbury Academic; 2022. https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.22679674.13

24. Ryan MS, Holmboe ES, Chandra S. Competency-based medical education: considering its past, present, and a post-COVID-19 era. Acad Med. 2022;97(3S):S90-S97. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000004535

Downloads

Published

2026-03-25

Issue

Section

Reviews, Theoretical Papers, and Meta-Analyses