Anti-racism in CanMEDS 2025

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.75844

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biographies

Kannin Osei-Tutu, University of Calgary

MD MSc, CCFP

University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine

Nathalie Duchesne, Collège des Médecins du Québec

MD, MScM, MPH

Collège des Médecins du Québec

Cheryl Barnabe, University of Calgary

University of Calgary

Saleem Razack , McGill University

MD, FRCPC

McGill University 

Jerry M Maniate , University of Ottawa

MD, M.Ed, FRCPC, FACP, CCPE

University of Ottawa

References

Khan S, Eldoma M, Malick A, Najeeb U, Furqan Z. Dismantling gendered Islamophobia in medicine. CMAJ. 2022;194(21):E748-50. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.220445

Washington HA. Medical apartheid: The dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present. Doubleday Books; 2006.

Amster EJ. The past, present and future of race and colonialism in medicine. CMAJ. 2022;194(20):E708-10. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.212103

Massa G. New report outlines racism faced by Black doctors in Ontario. CityNews Toronto. 2020 Aug 28. Available from: https://toronto.citynews.ca/2020/08/28/racism-black-doctors-ontario/ [Accessed Aug 31, 2022].

Nasser S. Anti-Black racism "deeply entrenched" in nursing, says new report calling for immediate action. CBC. 2022. Available from: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/black-nurses-racism-ontario-1.6343782 [Accessed Aug 31, 2022].

Hoffman KM, Trawalter S, Axt JR, Oliver MN. Racial bias in pain assessment and treatment recommendations, and false beliefs about biological differences between blacks and whites. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2016;113(16):4296-301. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516047113

McLane P, Bill L, Barnabe C. First Nations members' emergency department experiences in Alberta: a qualitative study. Can J Emerg Med. 2021;23(1):63-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43678-020-00009-3

Green AR, Carney DR, Pallin DJ, et al. Implicit bias among physicians and its prediction of thrombolysis decisions for black and white patients. J gen internal med. 2007;22(9):1231-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-007-0258-5

Dehon E, Weiss N, Jones J, Faulconer W, Hinton E, Sterling S. A systematic review of the impact of physician implicit racial bias on clinical decision making. Acad Emerg Med. 2017;24(8):895-904. https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.13214

Eisenstein LG, Jones DS. Hidden in plain sight-reconsidering the use of race correction in clinical algorithms. 2020;

Vigil JM, Coulombe P, Alcock J, et al. Patient ethnicity affects triage assessments and patient prioritization in US Department of Veterans Affairs emergency departments. Med. 2016;95(14). https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000003191

Kamel G. Investigation Report: Law on the investigation of the causes and circumstances of death. Gouvernement du Québec; 2022. p. 28. Available from: https://www.coroner.gouv.qc.ca/fileadmin/Enquetes_publiques/2020-06375-40_002__1__sans_logo_anglais.pdf [Accessed Jan 23, 2023].

Government of Ontario. Data standards for the identification and monitoring of systemic racism: glossary. Available from: https://www.ontario.ca/document/data-standards-identification-and-monitoring-systemic-racism/glossary. [Accessed Sept 1, 2022].

Goddu AP, O'Conor KJ, Lanzkron S, et al. Do words matter? Stigmatizing language and the transmission of bias in the medical record. J Gen Intern Med. 2018 May 1;33(5):685-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-017-4289-2

Osei-Tutu K, Ereyi-Osas W, Sivananthajothy P, Rabi D. Antiracism as a foundational competency: reimagining CanMEDS through an antiracist lens. CMAJ. 2022 Dec 19;194(49):E1691-3. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.220521

Canadian Nurses Association. Anti-Black racism is a public health emergency in Canada. 2020. Available from: https://community.cna-aiic.ca/blogs/cn-content/2020/06/11/anti-black-racism-is-a-public-health-emergency-in- [Accessed on. Aug 30, 2022].

Thoma B, Karwowska A, Samson L, et al. Emerging concepts in the CanMEDS physician competency framework. Can Med Ed J. 2023. https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.75591

Frank JR, Snell L, Sherbino J Editors. CanMEDs 2015 Physician Competency Framework. 2015 p. 1-30. Available from: http://www.royalcollege.ca/portal/page/portal/rc/canmeds/resources/publications

Gunn BL. Ignored to death: systemic racism in the Canadian healthcare system. 2016. Available from: https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/IPeoples/EMRIP/Health/UniversityManitoba.pdf [Accessed on Aug 31, 2022].

Khazanchi R, Evans CT, Marcelin JR. Racism, not race, drives inequity across the COVID-19 continuum. JAMA Network Open. 2020 Sep 25;3(9):e2019933. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19933

Bailey ZD, Feldman JM, Bassett MT. How structural racism works - racist policies as a root cause of U.S. racial health inequities. New Eng J Med. 2021 Feb 25;384(8):768-73. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMms2025396

Richardson L, Anderson M, Funnell S, Little L, Fréchette D, Di Gioacchino L. Indigenous health in specialty postgraduate medical education - education guide. Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada; 2021 May p. 73. Available from: https://www.royalcollege.ca/rcsite/documents/health-policy/indigenous-health-in-specialty-pgme-education-guide-e.pdf

Barnabe C, Osei-Tutu K, Maniate J, et al. Equity, diversity, inclusion, and social justice in CanMEDS 2025. Can Med Ed J. 2023. https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.75845

University Health Network. Administrative: anti-racism & anti-black racism policy. 2021. Available from: https://www.uhn.ca/corporate/AboutUHN/Governance_Leadership/Policies/Documents/1.20.019_Anti_black_Racism_policy.pdf [Accessed on Aug 30, 2022].

Benjamin LA. The Black/Jamaican criminal: the making of ideology. Toronto, Ontario: University of Toronto; 2003. Available from: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=8874927 [Accessed on Jan 23, 2023].

Kohn M, Reddy K. Colonialism. In: Zalta EN, Nodelman U, editors. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [Internet]. Spring 2023. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University 2023 Available from: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2023/entries/colonialism/ [Accessed on Jan 23, 2023].

Freire P. Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Continuum; 1970.

Diemer MA, Rapa LJ, Voight AM, McWhirter EH. Critical consciousness: a developmental approach to addressing marginalization and oppression. Child Development Perspectives. 2016;10(4):216-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12193

Gray NJ, Hughes FA, Klein JD. Cultural safety and the health of adolescents. Bmj. 2003;327(7412):457. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7412.457

Allan B, Smylie J. First peoples, second class treatment [Internet]. Toronto, Ontario: Wellesley Institute; 2015 [Available from: https://www.wellesleyinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Summary-First-Peoples-Second-Class-Treatment-Final.pdf [Accessed on Jan 23, 2023].

Crenshaw KW. On intersectionality: essential writings. The New Press; 2017.

Misawa M. Queer race pedagogy for educators in higher education: Dealing with power dynamics and positionality of LGBTQ students of color. Intern J Critical Pedagog. 2010;3(1):26.

McIntosh P. White privilege: Unpacking the invisible knapsack. JSTOR; 1990.

Schaefer RT. Encyclopedia of race, ethnicity, and society. SAGE; 2008. 1-1753 p. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963879

Self-determination [Internet]. Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organization. 2017. Available from: https://unpo.org/article/4957 [Accessed on Aug 31, 2022].

Metzl JM, Hansen H. Structural competency: theorizing a new medical engagement with stigma and inequality. Social science & medicine. 2014;103:126-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.06.032

Bailey ZD, Feldman JM, Bassett MT. How structural racism works-racist policies as a root cause of US racial health inequities. Vol. 384, New Eng J Med. Mass Medical Soc; 2021. p. 768-73. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMms2025396

Stanford. Upstander Intervention. Available from: https://share.stanford.edu/get-informed/education-and-outreach-programs/upstander-intervention [Accessed Sept 1, 2022].

Sharda S, Dhara A, Alam F. Not neutral: reimagining antiracism as a professional competence. CMAJ. 2021 Jan 18;193(3):E101-2. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.201684

Waters H, Oswald A, Constantin E, Thoma B, Dagnone DJ. Physician Humanism in CanMEDS 2025. Can Med Ed J. 2023. https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.75536

Boelen C, Heck JE, Health WHOD of D of HR for. Defining and measuring the social accountability of medical schools [Internet]. World Health Organization; 1995 [cited 2022 Sep 1]. Report No.: WHO/HRH/95.7. Unpublished. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/59441

Yearby R. Racial disparities in health status and access to healthcare: the continuation of inequality in the United States due to structural racism. Amer J Econ Sociol. 2018;77(3-4):1113-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajes.12230

Canadian Medical Association. CMA Code of Ethics and Professionalism. Ottawa, ON: 2018. Available from: https://policybase.cma.ca/media/PolicyPDF/PD19-03.pdf

Downloads

Published

2023-02-06 — Updated on 2023-03-21

How to Cite

1.
Osei-Tutu K, Duchesne N, Barnabe C, Richardson L, Razack S, Thoma B, Maniate JM. Anti-racism in CanMEDS 2025. Can. Med. Ed. J [Internet]. 2023 Mar. 21 [cited 2024 Nov. 21];14(1):33-40. Available from: https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/cmej/article/view/75844

Issue

Section

Emerging Concepts

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 > >>