Leaves of Absence and Presenteeism Among Canadian Teachers: Mental Health Challenges, Frequency, Impact, Facilitators, and Barriers
Mots-clés :
teacher mental health, teacher leaves of absence, teacher presenteeismRésumé
Using survey data from 733 teachers, we explored leaves of absence and presenteeism due to mental health challenges among Canadian teachers. Almost 40% of teachers had taken a formal leave of absence due to mental health concerns, with no significant difference by gender or grade-level taught. Having a supportive partner/family was the most cited facilitator of taking a leave, followed by having financial coverage. The most cited barrier to taking a leave was the impact it would have on students, followed by an unsupportive supervisor. The majority of teachers in our study experienced sickness presenteeism due to mental health challenges.
Références
Allegro, J. T., & Veerman, T. J. (1998). Sickness absence. In Pieter J. D. Drenth, Henk Thierry, & Charles J. de Wolff (Eds.), Handbook of work and organizational psychology, Volume 2: Work psychology (2nd ed., pp. 121-144). Psychology Press.
Arens, A. K., & Morin, A. J. S. (2016). Relations between teachers’ emotional exhaustion and students’ educational outcomes. Journal of Educational Psychology, 108(6), 800–813. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000105
Aronsson, G., Gustafsson, K., & Dallner, M. (2000). Sick but yet at work. An empirical study of sickness presenteeism. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 54(7), 502-509. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.54.7.502
Bermejo-Toro, L., & Prieto-Ursúa, M. (2014). Absenteeism, burnout and symptomatology of teacher stress: Sex differences. International Journal of Educational Psychology, 3(2), 175-201. https://doi.org/10.4471/ijep.2014.10
British Columbia Teachers’ Federation. (2020, December 7). Safeguarding teachers’ mental health through the second wave of COVID-19 and beyond. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED610467
Brütting, J., Druschke, D., Spitzer, S., & Seibt, R. (2018). Health status of long-term sick leave and working female teachers in Germany: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 31(2), 227-242. https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01115
Canadian Mental Health Association. (2021, July 19). Fast facts about mental health and mental illness. https://cmha.ca/brochure/fast-facts-about-mental-illness/
Canadian Teachers’ Federation. (2020). Teacher mental health check-in survey. https://vox.ctf-fce.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Doc-13-1-Pandemic-Research-Report-Teacher-Mental-Health-Check-in-Survey.pdf
Canadian Teachers’ Federation. (2022). But at what cost? Teacher mental health during COVID-19. https://acrobat.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A1cc80bf3-6c8e-4060-81e4-7493f178d1af&viewer%21megaVerb=group-discover
Coledam, D. H. C., & da Silva, Y. M. (2020). Predictors of health-related absenteeism, presenteeism and sick leave among Brazilian elementary school teachers: A cross-sectional study. Work, 67(3), 709-719. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-203320
Dworkin, A. G., Haney, C. A., Dworkin, R. J., & Telschow, R. L. (1990). Stress and illness behavior among urban public-school teachers. Educational Administration Quarterly, 26(1), 60-72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X90026001004
Dudenhöffer, S., Claus, M., Schöne, K., Letzel, S., & Rose, D-M. (2017). Sickness presenteeism of German teachers: Prevalence and influencing factors. Teachers and Teaching, 23(2), 141-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2016.1204284
Ervasti, J., Kivimäki, M., Puusniekka, R., Luopa, P., Pentti, J., Suominen, S., Ahola, K., Vshtera, J., & Virtanen, M. (2012). Students’ school satisfaction as predictor of teachers’ sickness absence: A prospective cohort study. The European Journal of Public Health, 22(2), 215-219. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckr043
Ferguson, K., James, Y., & Bourgeault, I. (2022). Teacher mental health and leaves of absences: A pilot study examining gender and care. The Canadian Journal of Education. 45(2), 315-349. https://doi.org/10.53967/cje-rce.v45i2.4485
Ferguson, K., Mang, C., & Frost, L. (2017). Teacher stress and utilization of social supports. Brock Education, 26(2), 62-86. https://doi.org/10.26522/brocked.v26i2.606
Fimian, M. J. (1986). Social support and occupational stress in special education. Exceptional Children, 52(5), 436-442. https://doi.org/10.1177/001440298605200505
Froese-Germain, B. (2014, July). Work-life balance and the Canadian teaching profession. Canadian Teachers’ Federation. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED546884.pdf
Grace, A. P. (2020). Two good gay teachers: Pioneering advocate-practitioners confronting homophobia in schooling in British Columbia, Canada. In D. Fahie, A. Quilty, & R. DePalma Ungaro (Eds.), Queer teaching-teaching queer (pp. 43-56). Routledge.
Greenglass, E. R., Burke, R. J., & Konarski, R. (1997). The impact of social support on the development of burnout in teachers: Examination of a model. Work & Stress, 11(3), 267-278. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678379708256840
Greenglass, E. R., Fiksenbaum, L., & Burke, R. J. (1994). The relationship between social support and burnout over time in teachers. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 9(2), 219-230.
Hargreaves, A. (2021). What the COVID-19 pandemic has taught us about teachers and teaching. FACETS, 6, 1835-1863. https://www.facetsjournal.com/doi/10.1139/facets-2021-0084
Hazen, K. P., Carlson, M. W., Hatton-Bowers, H., Fessinger, M. B., Cole-Mossman, J., Bahm, J., Hauptman, K., Brank, E. M., & Gilkerson, L. (2020). Evaluating the facilitating attuned interactions (FAN) approach: Vicarious trauma, professional burnout, and reflective practice. Children and Youth Services Review, 112, 104925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104925
Herrmann, M. A., & Rockoff, J. E. (2010). Worker absence and productivity: Evidence from teaching (NBER Working Paper No. 16524). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w16524
Howard, J. T., & Howard, K. J. (2020). The effect of perceived stress on absenteeism and presenteeism in public schools. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 25(2), 100-116. https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2020.1724794
Johns, G. (2010). Presenteeism in the workplace: A review and research agenda. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(4), 519-542. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.630
Johnson, S., Cooper, C., Cartwright, S., Donald, I., Taylor, P., & Millet, C. (2005). The experience of work‐related stress across occupations. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20(2), 178-187. https://doi.org/10.1108/026839405105798037
Johnston-Gibbens, A. (2014). Workload and volunteerism of educators -Research study. Ontario Secondary Schools Teachers’ Federation. https://www.osstf.on.ca/en-CA/publications/research-studies/workload-volunteerism-report.aspx
Laidlaw, J. (2023). Canadian music teachers’ burnout and resilience through the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy, (203), 102-116. https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/cjeap/article/view/75721
Larson, E. E., Xu, Y., Oreopoulous, P., & Tregebov, S. (2023). Is it too optimistic to assume light touch interventions can improve educational workers’ wellbeing? Insights from a field randomized control trial in Canada. Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy, (203), 13-37. https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/cjeap/article/view/75003
Lopez, A. E. (2020). Anti-Black racism in education: School leaders’ journey of resistance and hope. In R. Papa (Ed.), Handbook on promoting social justice in education (pp.1935–1950). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14625-2_37
Madigan, D. J., & Kim, L. E. (2021). Does teacher burnout affect students? A systematic review of its association with academic achievement and student-reported outcomes. International Journal of Educational Research, 105. 101714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101714
Mental Health Research Canada. (2020). Findings of Poll #2. https://www.mhrc.ca/national-poll-covid/findings-of-poll-2
Miller, R. T., Murnane, R. J., & Willett, J. B. (2008). Do worker absences affect productivity? The case of teachers. International Labour Review, 147(1), 71-89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1564-913X.2008.00024.x
Moletsane, R., Juan, A., Prinsloo, C., & Reddy, V. (2015). Managing teacher leave and absence in South African rural schools: Implications for supporting schools in contexts of multiple-deprivation. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 43(3), 386–399. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143215574508
Moriana, J. A., & Herruzo, J. (2006). Variables related to psychiatric sick leave taken by Spanish secondary school teachers. Work & Stress, 20(3), 259-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370600929354
Nolte, A. G., Downing, C., Temane, A., & Hastings‐Tolsma, M. (2017). Compassion fatigue in nurses: A metasynthesis. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 26(23-24), 4364-4378. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13766
Rushowy, K. (2022, March 21). ‘A perfect storm of stress’: What school principals say about the nightmare of dealing with the pandemic. The Toronto Star. https://www.thestar.com/politics/provincial/2022/03/21/a-perfect-storm-of-stress-what-school-principals-say-about-the-nightmare-of-dealing-with-the-pandemic.html
Russell, D. W., Altmaier, E., & Van Velzen, D. (1987). Job-related stress, social support, and burnout among classroom teachers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72(2), 269-274. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.72.2.269
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2019). Using multivariate statistics (7th ed.). Pearson Education Inc.
Turgoose, D., & Maddox, L. (2017). Predictors of compassion fatigue in mental health professionals: A narrative review. Traumatology, 23(2), 172–185. https://doi.org/10.1037/trm0000116
Will, M. (2021, February 22). Teachers are stressed out, and it’s causing some to quit. Education Week. https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/teachers-are-stressed-out-and-its-causing-some-to-quit/2021/02
Woloshyn, V., Savage, M., Maich, K., & Penney, S. (2023). Stress, coping, and well-being in teachers and school administrators. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 69(4), 492-513. https://doi.org/10.55016/ojs/ajer.v69i4.75886
Yousif, N. (2021, November 3). GTA teachers on sick leave doubles: Has pandemic burnout taken a toll? The Toronto Star. https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2021/11/02/anxiety-stress-burnout-teachers-are-struggling-like-never-before-as-covid-19-takes-a-major-toll-on-their-mental-health.html
Zhang, Q., & Zhu, W. (2007). Teacher stress, burnout, and social support in Chinese secondary education. Human Communication, 10(4), 487-496. https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/communications-facultypubs/59
Téléchargements
Publié
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
© Kristen Ferguson, Christine Tulk, Melissa Corrente, Susan Rodger, Ivy Bourgeault 2026

Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.
Les auteurs dont les articles sont publiés dans la Revue acceptent les conditions suivantes :
-
Les auteurs conservent leurs droits d’auteur et accordent à la Revue un droit de première publication, les travaux faisant en même temps l’objet d’une licence d'attribution Creative Commons autorisant d’autres parties à diffuser les travaux, sous réserve d’une mention de l’auteur et de la publication initiale dans la RCAPE.
-
Il est permis aux auteurs de conclure des ententes contractuelles distinctes additionnelles en vue de la diffusion non exclusive de la version de travaux parus dans la Revue (p. ex. pour enregistrement dans un dépôt institutionnel ou inclusion dans un ouvrage), à la condition d’inclure une mention de la parution initiale dans la RCAPE.
-
Les auteurs sont autorisés et encouragés à faire paraître leurs travaux en ligne (p. ex. dans des dépôts institutionnels ou dans leurs sites Web) avant et pendant le processus d’évaluation, ce qui peut déboucher sur des échanges productifs et favoriser et faire que les travaux publiés soient cités plus tôt et plus fréquemment