Principals as Champions of Collaboration for Vulnerable Children and Youth: A Case Study of Community Schools
Mots-clés :
Principal, Administrator role, Community Schools, Collaboration, Service integration, Mental Disorders Children and YouthRésumé
Children and youth with mental disorders require support from multiple service providers, and therefore intersectoral collaboration is required. Community schools, as accessible hubs, with broad-based partnerships, may provide the conditions that foster much needed intersectoral collaboration for this population of students. In order to examine the degree of collaboration in community schools, a qualitative, multi-case study of three community schools in the province of Manitoba, Canada was conducted, and the perspectives of key stakeholders in community schools were obtained. Findings indicate that the leadership of the school principal was essential in creating a culture of collaboration, and in fostering intersectoral partnerships, which enhanced service provision. However, senior administrative and policy level support from school divisions, and the provincial government for the provision of intersectoral support in community schools was described as limited. The future of community schools was characterized as tenable given their dependency upon the leadership of the school principal for the provision of intersectoral support, in the absence of policies, procedures, and resources that legitimize an intersectoral leadership role. Future research may involve identifying a community school as a pilot site for the formal integration of support with joint funding and staffing from government departments including, but not limited to, health, mental health, and child welfare under the formally designated leadership of the principal of the community school.
Références
Bartlett, N. A. (2016). Supporting students with emotional and behavioural disorders: The wraparound approach in the context of a community school (Doctoral dissertation). University of Manitoba, MB. Retrieved from https://mspace.lib.umanitoba.ca/bitstream/handle/1993/31091/Bartlett%2C%20Nadine%20%282%29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Bartlett, N. A. (2018). Defining effective supports for students with emotional and behavioural disorders: The wraparound approach in the context of a community school [Monograph]. Manitoba Education Research Network (MERN) Monograph Series II, 4, 1-65.
Barker, K.K., Bosco, C., & Oandasan, I.V. (2005). Factors impacting interprofessional education and collaboration practices initiatives: Findings from key informant interviews. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 2(Suppl. 1), 166-176.
Blank, M. J. (2005). Reaching out to create a movement. In J.G. Dryfoos, J. Quinn, & C. Barkin (Eds.) Community schools in action (pp. 243 – 258). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Blank, M. J., Melaville, A., & Shah, B.P. (2003). Making the difference: Research and practice in community schools. Washington, DC: Coalition for Community Schools. Retrieved from http://www.communityschools.org/assets/1/Page/CCSFullReport.pdf
Bogdan, R., & Knopp Biklen, S. K. (2003). Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theory and methods. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Burns, B., & Goldman, S. (Eds.). (1999). Systems of care: Promising practices in wraparound for children with serious emotional disturbance and their families’ mental health. Systems of care, promising practices in mental health, 1998 series (Vol. IV). Washington, DC: Center for Effective Collaboration and Practice, American Institutes for Research.
Campbell-Allan, R., Shah, M., Sullenden, R., & Zazore, R. (2009). Full-service schools. Policy review and recommendations. Harvard Graduate School of Education. Retrieved from http://a100educationalpolicy.pbworks.com/f/Full+Service+Schools+complete+paperZ.pdf
Canadian Institute for Health Information. Health Indicators 2011. Ottawa, Ontario: CIHI; 2011. Retrieved from https://secure.cihi.ca/free_products/health_indicators_2011_en.pdf
Canadian Institute for Health Information. (2015). Care for Children and Youth with Mental Disorders. Ottawa, Ontario: CIHI; 2015. Retrieved from https://secure.cihi.ca/free_products/CIHI%20CYMH%20Final%20for%20pubs_EN_web.pdf
Chartier M., Brownell, M., MacWilliam L., Valdivia, J., Nie, Y., Ekuma, O., … Kulbaba, C. (2016). The mental health of Manitoba’s children. Winnipeg, MB: Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Fall 2016. Retrieved from http://mchp-appserv.cpe.umanitoba.ca/reference/MHKids_web_report.pdf
Cottrell, D., Lucey, D., Porter, I., & Walker, D. (2000). Joint working between child and adolescent mental health service and the department of social services: The Leeds model. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 5, 481-489.
Currie, J., & Rossin-Slater, M. (2015). Early-life origins of life-cycle well-being: Research and policy implications. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. 34(1), 208-242.
D’Amour, D., Ferrada-Videla, M., Rodrigues, L. & Beaulieu, M.R. (2005). The conceptual basis for interprofessional collaboration: Core concepts and theoretical frameworks. Journal of Interprofessional Care, May,1, 116-131.
Dryfoos, J.G. (2000). Evaluation of community schools: Findings to date. Washington, DC: Coalition for Community Schools.
Dryfoos, J.G., & Maguire, S. (2002). Inside full-service community schools. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Duchnowski, A.J., Johnson, M.K., Hall, K.S., Kutash, K., & Friedman, R.M. (1993). The alternatives to residential treatment study: Initial findings. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 1, 17-26.
Eber, L. Nelson, C., & Miles, P. (1997). School-based wraparound for students with emotional and behavioral challenges. Exceptional Children, 63(4), 539-555.
Eber, L., Sugai, G. Smith, C., & Scott, T. (2002). Wraparound and positive behavioural interventions and supports in the schools. Journal of Emotional and Behavioural Disorders, 10(3), 171-180.
Fixen, D.L., Naoom, S.F., Blase, R.A., Friedman, R.M., & Wallace, F. (2005). Implementation research: A synthesis of the literature. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida, Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, The National Implementation Research Network. Retrieved from http://nirn.fpg.unc.edu/sites/nirn.fpg.unc.edu/files/resources/NIRN-MonographFull-01-2005.pdf
Forest, M., & Pearpoint, J. (1992). Everyone belongs: Building the vision with MAPS—The McGill Action Planning System. In D. Wetherow (Ed.), The whole community catalogue: Welcoming people with disabilities into the heart of community life (pp. 95–99). Manchester, CT: Communities.
Gregson, B., Cartlidge, A., & Bond, J. (1992). Development of a measure of professional collaborating in primary health care. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 46, 48-53.
Grossman, J. B., & Vang, Z. M. (2009). The case for school-based integration of services: Changing the ways students, fami¬lies, and communities engage with their schools. Public/Private Ventures. Retrieved from https://www.naesp.org/sites/default/files/resources/1/A_New_Day_for_Learning_Resources/Making_the_Case/The_Case_for_School-Based_Integration_of_Services.pdf
Hallett, C., & Birchall, E. (1992). Coordination in child protection HMSO. London: 1992.
Hamblin, B., Keep, J., & Ask, K. (Eds.). (2001). Organisational change and development. Harlow: Financial Times. Prentice Hall.
Healthy Child Manitoba. (2013). Wraparound protocol for children and youth with severe to profound emotional and behavioural disorders. Retrieved from http://www.gov.mb.ca/healthychild/publications/protocol_ebd_wraparound.pdf
Horwath, J., & Morrison, T. (2007). Integration and change in children’s services: Critical issues and key ingredients. Child Abuse and Neglect, 31, 55-69.
Hudson, B., Hardy, B., Henwood, M., & Wistow, G. (2003). In pursuit of interagency collaboration in the public sector: What is the contribution of theory and research? In J. Reynolds, J. Henderson, J. Seden, J. C. Worth, & A. Bullman (Eds.), The managing care reader (pp. 232–241). London: Routledge.
Huxham, C., & Macdonald, D. (1992). Introducing collaborative advantage: Achieving interorganizational effectiveness through meta-strategy. Management Decision, (30)3, 50-56.
Johnson, L.J., Zorn, D., Kai Yung Tam, B., Lamontagne, M., & Johnson, S.A., (2003). Stakeholders views on factors that impact successful interagency collaboration. Exceptional Children, 69, 195-209.
Katz-Leavy, J.W., Lourie, I.S., Stroul, B.A., & Zeigler-Dendy, C. (1992). Individualized services in a system of care. Washington, DC: Georgetown University, CASSP Technical Assistance Centre.
Kessler, R.C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K.R., Walters, E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593-602.
Koff, N.A., DeFriese, A.M., & Witzke, D.B. (1994). Loosely coupled systems as a conceptual framework for interdisciplinary training. Educational Gerontology, 20, 1-14.
Lee, M. Y., Greene, G. J., Hsu, K. S., Solovey, A., Grove, D., Fraser, J. S., & Tater, B. (2009). Utilizing family strengths and resilience: Integrative family and systems treatment with children and adolescents with severe emotional and behavioral problems. Family Process, 48, 395–416.
Liedtka, J. M. & Whitten, E. (1998). Enhancing care delivery through cross-disciplinary collaboration: A case study. Journal of Healthcare Management, 43, 185 – 205.
Lourie, I.S. (1994). Principles of local system development for children, adolescents and their families. Chicago, IL: Kaleidoscope.
Manitoba. (2007). The Healthy Child Manitoba Act. C.C.S.M. c. H37. Winnipeg, MB: Queen’s Printer—Statutory Publications. Retrieved from http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/h037e.php
Manitoba. (2013). The Community Schools Act. C.C.S.M. c. C168. Winnipeg, MB: Queen’s Printer—Statutory Publications. Retrieved from https://web2.gov.mb.ca/bills/40-2/b012e.php
Manitoba Education, Citizenship & Youth. (2006). Community Schools Partnership Initiative. Winnipeg, MB: Author.
Marrett, C. (1971). On the specification of inter-organizational dimensions. Sociology and Social Research, 56, 83-89.
McMahon, T. J., Ward, N. L., Pruett, M. K., Davidson, L. & Griffith, E.E.H. (2000). Building full-service schools: Lessons learned in the development of inter-agency collaboratives. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 11(1), 65-92.
Mellin, E.A. (2009) Unpacking interdisciplinary collaboration in expanded school mental health: a conceptual model for developing the evidence base. Advances in School Mental Health Promotion, 2, 4–14.
Mellin, E.A., Anderson-Butcher, D., & Bronstein. (2011). Strengthening interprofessional team collaboration: Potential roles for school mental health professionals. Advances in School Mental Health Promotion, 4, 51-51.
Mental Health Commission of Canada. (2012). Changing directions, changing lives: The mental health strategy for Canada. Calgary, AB: Author. Retrieved from https://www.mentalhealthcommission.ca/sites/default/files/MHStrategy_Strategy_ENG_0_1.pdf
Mental Health Commission of Canada. (2013). School-based mental health in Canada: A final report school-based mental health and substance abuse consortium. Retrieved from https://www.mentalhealthcommission.ca/sites/default/files/ChildYouth_School_Based_Mental_Health_Canada_Final_Report_ENG_0.pdf
Merikangas, K.R., He, J.P., Burstein, M., Swanson, S.A., Avenevoli, S., Georgiades, K., & Swendson, J. (2010). Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication—Adolescent Supplement. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(10), 980-989.
Milbourne, L., Macrea, S., & Maguire, M. (2003). Collaborative solutions or new policy problems: Exploring multiagency partnerships in education and health work. Journal of Educational Policy, 18(1), 19–35.
Miles, M.B. & Huberman, A.M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis (2nd e). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Miller, C., & Ahmad, Y. (2000). Collaboration and partnership: An effective response to complexity and fragmentation or solution building on sand? International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 20(5/6), 1-39.
Ministry of Education, Leisure, and Sports. (2003). Two networks, one objective: The development of youth: Agreement for the complementarity of services between the health and social services network and the education network. Retrieved from http://www.education.gouv.qc.ca/fileadmin/site_web/documents/dpse/adaptation_serv_compl/Entente_MSSS_MELS_cadre_EN.pdf
Petersilia, J. (1990). Conditions that permit intensive supervision. Crime and Delinquency, 32(1), 126-145.
Piotrowska, P., Stride, C.B., Croft, S.E., & Rowe, R. (2015). Socioeconomic status and antisocial behavior among children and youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 35, 47-55.
Reid, G.J., & Brown, J.B. (2008). Money, case complexity, and wait lists: Perspectives on problems and solutions at children’s mental health centers in Ontario. Journal of Behavioural and Health Services Research, 35(3), 334-3.
Schurer Coldiron, J., Bruns, E., Hensley, S., & Paragoris, R. (2016). Wraparound implementation and practice quality standards. Wraparound Research and Evaluation Team. Retrieved from https://nwi.pdx.edu/pdf/Wraparound-implementation-and-practice-quality-standards.pdf
Stake, R. E. (1995). The art of case study research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Tétreault, S., Patenaude, D., Freeman, A., Gascon, H., Beaupré, P., Carriѐre, M., & Marier Deschenes, P. (2015). Understanding the difficulties hindering inter-agency collaboration for students with special needs in Quebec. Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy, 167, 1-27. Retrieved from https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/cjeap/article/view/42874/30731
VanDenBerg, J., Osher, T., & Lourie, I. (2009). Child, adolescent and family issues: Team-based planning and the wraparound process. Child, Adolescent, and Family Issues, 1-9. Retrieved from https://www.spokanecounty.org/DocumentCenter/Home/View/3011
VanEyk, H., & Baum, F. (2002). Learning about interagency collaboration: Trialling collaborative projects between hospitals and community health services. Health and Social Care in Community, 10, 262-269.
Waddell, C., Offord, D.R., Shepherd, C.A., Hua, J.M., & McEwan, K. (2002). Child psychiatric epidemiology and Canadian public policy-making: The state of the science and the art of the possible. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 47(9), 825-832.
Waddell, C., McEwan, K., Shepherd, C., Offord, D. R., & Hua, J. M. (2005). A public health strategy to improve the mental health of Canadian children. Journal of Psychiatry, 50, 226-233.
Waddell, C., Shepherd, C., Chen, A., & Boyle, M. (2013). Creating comprehensive children’s mental health indicators for British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health. 32(1), 9-27.
Wagner, W. M., Kutash, K., Duchnowski, A. J., Epstein, M. H., & Sumi, C. (2005). The children and youth we serve: A national picture of students with emotional and behavioural disturbances receiving special education. Journal of emotional and behavioural disorders. 13(2), 79-96.
Walker, J.S., Koroloff, N., & Schutte, K. (2003). The context of services for effective individualized service/support planning: Assessing the necessary agency and system support for wraparound. Portland, OR: Portland State University, Research and Training Centre on Family Support and Children’s Mental Health. Retrieved from https://nwi.pdx.edu/NWI-book/Chapters/App-6f-Individualized-Service-And-Support%20Planning.pdf
Weick, K. E. (1976). Educational organizations as loosely coupled systems. Administrative Science Quarterly, 21, 1-19.
White, J.A., & Wehlage, G. (1995). Community collaboration: It is such a good idea, why is it so hard to do? Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 17, 23-28.
Williamson, V. (2001). The potential of project status to support partnerships. In S. Balloch & M. Taylor (Eds.), Partnership working policy and practice (pp. 117-141). Bristol, UK: Polity Press.
World Health Organization (2013). Comprehensive mental health action plan. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/89966/1/9789241506021_eng.pdf?ua=1p
Yin, R.K., (1984). Case study research: Design and methods. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
Téléchargements
Publié-e
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
Les auteurs dont les articles sont publiés dans la Revue acceptent les conditions suivantes :
-
Les auteurs conservent leurs droits d’auteur et accordent à la Revue un droit de première publication, les travaux faisant en même temps l’objet d’une licence d'attribution Creative Commons autorisant d’autres parties à diffuser les travaux, sous réserve d’une mention de l’auteur et de la publication initiale dans la RCAPE.
-
Il est permis aux auteurs de conclure des ententes contractuelles distinctes additionnelles en vue de la diffusion non exclusive de la version de travaux parus dans la Revue (p. ex. pour enregistrement dans un dépôt institutionnel ou inclusion dans un ouvrage), à la condition d’inclure une mention de la parution initiale dans la RCAPE.
-
Les auteurs sont autorisés et encouragés à faire paraître leurs travaux en ligne (p. ex. dans des dépôts institutionnels ou dans leurs sites Web) avant et pendant le processus d’évaluation, ce qui peut déboucher sur des échanges productifs et favoriser et faire que les travaux publiés soient cités plus tôt et plus fréquemment
