SoTL in the Margins: Teaching-Focused Role Case Studies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.9.1.6Keywords:
teaching stream, SoTL, advocacy and outreach, community, ISSOTLAbstract
The number of teaching-focused faculty (TFF) continues to increase, raising concerns about opportunities to engage in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) for academics who are hired to focus on teaching rather than research. Various names for these teaching-focused positions include, but are not limited to: instructional, limited-term faculty; permanent, but not eligible for tenure; equivalent to tenure-track (eligible for tenure); and casual teaching-focused. Regardless of title, TFF face a unique challenge: hired for excellence in teaching and committed to improving teaching and learning, they are often not granted support to engage in professional development or research related to teaching and learning. These and other challenges are associated with their academically marginalized positions. The authors are members of the Advocacy Committee of the International Society for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (ISSOTL). This paper builds on a session we offered at the ISSOTL conference in Calgary in 2017 where we invited TFF to contribute narrative examples of institutional SoTL challenges and their strategies for overcoming them. We describe potential solutions to creating institutional cultures that are supportive of TFF engaging in SoTL. We finish by offering recommendations for creating a SoTL teaching-focused community within ISSOTL to provide social and professional support.
Metrics
References
AAUP. 2017. “Trends in the Academic Labor Force, 1975-2015.” Retrieved from https://www.aaup.org/sites/default/files/Academic_Labor_Force_Trends_1975-2015.pdf.
AAUP. 2018. “Data Snapshot: Contingent Faculty in US Higher Ed.” Retrieved from https://www.aaup.org/sites/default/files/10112018%20Data%20Snapshot%20Tenure.pdf.
Allin, Linda. 2014. “Collaboration between Staff and Students in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning: The Potential and the Problems.” Teaching & Learning Inquiry: The ISSOTL Journal 2, no. 1: 95–102. https://doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.2.1.95.
Andrews, Stuart, Liz Bare, Peter Bentley, Leo Goedegebuure, Catherine Pugsley, and Bianca Rance. 2016.“Contingent Academic Employment in Australian Universities.” Melbourne, AUS: L H Martin Institute & Australian Higher Education Industrial Association. Retrieved from https://melbournecshe.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/2564262/2016-contingent-academic-employment-in-australian-universities-updatedapr16.pdf.
Anibas, Melissa, Gail Hanson Brenner, and Cecelia R. Zorn. 2009. “Experiences Described by Novice Teaching Academic Staff in Baccalaureate Nursing Education: A Focus on Mentoring.” Journal of Professional Nursing 25, no. 4: 211–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2009.01.008.
Australian Government. 2014. Staff: Selected Higher Education Statistics, translated by the Department of Education and Training. Canberra, AUS: Australian Government.
Baik, Chi, Ryan Naylor, and Linda Corrin. 2018. “Developing a Framework for University-Wide Improvement in the Training and Support of ‘Casual’ Academics.” Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 40, no. 4: 375-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2018.1479948.
Bernstein, Daniel. 2013. “How SoTL-Active Faculty Members Can Be Cosmopolitan Assets to an Institution." Teaching & Learning Inquiry 1, no. 1: 35–40. https://doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.1.1.35.
Bexley, Emmaline, Richard James, and Sophie Arkoudis. 2011. The Australian Academic Profession in Transition: Addressing the Challenge of Reconceptualising Academic Work and Regenerating the Academic Workforce. Melbourne, AUS: Centre for the Study of Higher Education, University of Melbourne.
Billot, Jennie, Susan Rowland, Brent Carnell, Cheryl Amundsen, and Tamela Evans. 2017. “How Experienced SoTL Researchers Develop the Credibility of Their Work.” Teaching & Learning Inquiry 5, no. 1: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.5.1.8.
Brown, Natalie R., Jo-Anne Kelder, Brigid Freeman, and Andrea R. Carr. 2013. “A Message from the Chalk Face—What Casual Teaching Staff Tell Us They Want to Know, Access and Experience.” Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice 10, no. 3.
Coates, Hamish, Ian R. Dobson, Leo Goedegebuure, and V. Lynn Meek. 2009. “Australia's Casual Approach to its Academic Teaching Workforce.” People and Place 17, no. 4: 47–54.
Eady, Michelle J., Corinne A. Green, Ashley B, Akenson, Briony Supple, Marian McCarthy, James Cronin, and Jacinta McKeon, J. 2019. “Supporting Writing Collaborations through Synchronous Technologies: Singing Our SSONG about Working Together at a Distance.” In Critical Collaborative Communities: Academic Writing Partnerships, Groups, and Retreats, edited by Nicola Simmons and Ann. Singh. Leiden, NLD: Brill.
Felten, Peter, Alan Kalish, Allison Pingree, and Kathryn M. Plank. 2007. “Toward a Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Educational Development.” In To Improve the Academy 25, edited by Douglas R. Robertson and Linda B. Nilson, 93–108.
Flavell, Helen, Lynne Roberts, Georgina Fyfe, and Michelle Boughton. 2018. “Colleges Step Up Professional Development for Adjuncts.” The Chronicle of Higher Education.
Flavell, Helen, Lynne Roberts, Georgina Fyfe, and Michelle Boughton. 2018. “Shifting Goal Posts: The Impact of Academic Workforce Reshaping and the Introduction of Teaching Academic Roles on the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning.” Australian Educational Researcher 45, no. 2: 179–94.
Gregory, Diana, Arshad Ahmad, Mary Huber, Trent W. Maurer, and Nicola Simmons. 2017. Teaching Stream Positions: Mapping and Advocating for SoTL in Diverse Landscapes. Presented at the International Society for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Annual Conference, Calgary, October.
Hamilton, Melanie, and Nicola Simmons. 2019. Beyond the Classroom: Re-Engaging Mid-Career Faculty Using SoTL. Presented at the Mount Royal University Scholarship Symposium, November, Banff, AB.
Hattie, John, and H. W. Marsh. 1996. “The Relationship Between Research and Teaching: A Meta-Analysis.” Review of Educational Research 66: 507–42.
Heffernan, Troy A. 2018. “Approaches to Career Development and Support for Sessional Academics in Higher Education.” International Journal for Academic Development 23, no. 4: 312–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360144X.2018.1510406.
Hodges, Linda C. 2013. “Postcards from the Edge of SoTL: A View from Faculty Development.” Teaching & Learning Inquiry: The ISSOTL Journal 1, no. 1: 71–79. https://doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.1.1.71.
Hostetter, Carol. 2017. How Can We More Effectively Encourage Faculty to Apply to do SoTL? Retrieved from https://citl.indiana.edu/files/pdf/sotl/2015-1%20effectively%20encourage%20faculty%20to%20apply.pdf.
Huber, Mary Taylor, and Pat Hutchings. 2005. The Advancement of Learning: Building the Teaching Commons. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
Hutchings, Pat, Mary T. Huber, and Anthony Ciccone. 2011. “Getting There: An Integrative Vision of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning.” International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 5, no. 1: Article 31. https://doi.org/10.20429/ijsotl.2011.050131.
Hutchings, Pat, and Lee S. Shulman. 1999. “The Scholarship of Teaching: New Elaborations, New Developments.” Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning 31, no. 5: 10–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00091389909604218.
Kenny, Natasha, and Frederick Evers. 2010. “Responding to the Challenging Dilemma of Faculty Engagement in Research on Teaching and Learning and Disciplinary Research.” Collected Essays on Learning and Teaching 3: 21–26. https://doi.org/10.22329/celt.v3i0.3234.
Kezar, Adrianna, Daniel Maxey, and Judith Eaton. 2014. An Examination of the Changing Faculty: Ensuring Institutional Quality and Achieving Desired Student Learning Outcomes. Retrieved from https://www.ewa.org/sites/main/files/file-attachments/chea_examination_changing_faculty_2013.pdf.
Kindler, Anna M. 2013. Professor of Teaching: Tenure Stream Track at UBC. Presentation at the University of British Columbia, May.
Klopper, Christopher J., and Bianca M. Power. 2014. “The Casual Approach to Teacher Education: What Effect Does Casualisation Have for Australian University Teaching?” Australian Journal of Teacher Education 39, no. 4: Article 6.
Koblyk, Liz. 2018. “Are You Missing Out on Meaning in Your Work?” University Affairs. Retrieved from https://www.universityaffairs.ca/career-advice/careers-cafe/missing-meaning-work/?utm_source=Academica+Top+Ten&utm_campaign=a90e93e34f-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2018_03_16&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_b4928536cf-a90e93e34f-47762325.
Lapoule, Paul, and Richard Lynch. 2018. “The Case Study Method: Exploring the Link between Teaching and Research.” Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 40, no. 5: 485–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2018.1496515.
Lovat, Terence, Margaret Davies, and Ronald Plotnikoff. 1995. “Integrating Research Skills Development in Teacher Education.” Australian Journal of Teacher Education 20, no. 1: Article 4. http://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.1995v20n1.4.
Manarin, Karen, and Earle Abrahamson. 2016. “Troublesome Knowledge of SoTL.” International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 10, no. 2: Article 2.
Marquis, Elizabeth, Trevor Holmes, Konstantinos Apostolou, Dan Centea, Robert Cockcroft, Kris Knorr, John C. Maclachlan, Sandra D. Monteiro, and Theomary Karamanis. 2017. “SoTL Research Fellows: Collaborative Pathfinding through Uncertain Terrain.” Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 8, no. 3: Article 9. https://doi.org/10.5206/cjsotl-rcacea.2017.3.9.
Mathany, Clarke, Katie M. Clow, and Erin D. Aspenlieder. 2017. “Exploring the Role of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the Context of the Professional Identities of Faculty, Graduate Students, and Staff in Higher Education.” The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 8, no. 3. https://doi.org/10.5206/cjsotl-rcacea.2017.3.10.
Matthews, Kelly E., Julie M. Duck, and Emma Bartle. 2017. “Sustaining Institution-Wide Induction for Sessional Staff in a Research-Intensive University: The Strength of Shared Ownership.” International Journal for Academic Development 22, no. 1: 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360144X.2016.1266637.
McKinney, Kathleen. 2006. “Attitudinal and Structural Factors Contributing to Challenges in the Work of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning.” New Directions in Institutional Research 129: 37–50. https://doi.org/10.1002/ir.170.
McKinney, Kathleen. 2004. “The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning: Past Lessons, Current Challenges, and Future Visions.” To Improve the Academy 22, no. 1: 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-4822.2004.tb00399.x.
McMaster University. 2011. “Revised Policy and Regulations with Respect to Academic Appointment, Tenure and Promotion.” Retrieved from https://www.mcmaster.ca/policy/faculty/Appointments/Tenure_and_Promotion_January2012.pdf.
Miller-Young, Janice, Catherine Anderson, Deborah Kiceniuk, Julia Mooney, Jessica Riddell, Alice Schmidt Hanbidge, Veronica Ward, Maureen A. Wideman, and Nancy Chick. 2017. “Leading Up in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning.” The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 8, no. 2: Article 4.
Moore, Jessica, Katarina Mårtensson, Torgny Roxå, Deandra Little, Peter Felten, Kathryn Sutherland, David Green, and Beth Marquis. 2018. What Encourages Academic Staff to Engage in Systematic, Sustained Change in Teaching Practices? Presentation at the International Society for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Annual Conference, Bergen, Norway.
Neuman, W. Lawrence. 1997. Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. 3rd ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Newton, Genevieve, Janice Miller-Young, and Monica Sanago. 2019. “Characterizing SoTL across Canada.” The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 10, no. 2: Article 2. https://doi.org/10.5206/cjsotl-rcacea.2019.2.8174.
Norton, Lin S. 2009. Action Research in Teaching and Learning. London: Routledge.
Nyden, Philip. 2003. “Academic Incentives for Faculty Participation in Community-Based Participatory Research.” Journal of General Internal Medicine 18, no. 7: 576–85. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.20350.x.
Pink, Daniel H. 2009. Drive: The Surprising Truth about What Motivates Us. New York, NY: Riverhead Books.
Poole, Gary. 2013. Square One: What is Research? In The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in and Across the Disciplines, edited by Kathleen McKinney, 135–51. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
Potter, Michael K. and Erika D.H. Kustra. 2011. “The Relationship between Scholarly Teaching and SoTL: Models, Distinctions, and Clarifications.” International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 5, no. 1 Article 23. https://doi.org/10.20429/ijsotl.2011.050123.
Prince, Michael J., Richard M. Felder, and Rebecca Brent. 2007. “Does Faculty Research Improve Undergraduate
Teaching? An Analysis of Existing and Potential Synergies.” Journal of Engineering Education 96, no. 4: 283–94. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2168-9830.2007.tb00939.x.
Robertson, Jane. 2007. “Beyond the ‘Research/Teaching Nexus’: Exploring the Complexity of Academic Experience.” Studies in Higher Education 32, no. 5: 541–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070701476043.
Ryan, Richard M., and Edward L. Deci. 2000. “Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions.” Contemporary Educational Psychology 25, no. 1: 54–67. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020.
Ryan, Suzanne, John Burgess, Julia Connell, and Egbert Groen. 2013. “Casual Academic Staff in an Australian University: Marginalised and Excluded.” Tertiary Education and Management 19, no. 2: 161–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/13583883.2013.783617.
Seldin, P. 1987. “Research Findings on Causes of Academic Stress.” In Coping with Faculty Stress, edited by P. Seldin. New Directions for Teaching and Learning 1987, no. 29: 3–22.
Simmons, Nicola. 2020. “Scholars of Teaching and Learning: The 4M Framework as Analytic Lens for SoTL’s Impact.” Teaching and Learning Inquiry 8, no. 1: 76–90. https://doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.8.1.6.
Simmons, Nicola. 2016. “The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Canada: Institutional Impact.” New Directions in Teaching and Learning 146: 95–102.
Simmons, Nicola. 2011. “Caught with Their Constructs Down? New Academics’ Development as Teachers.” International Journal for Academic Development 16, no. 3: 229–41.
Simmons, Nicola, Earle Abrahamson, Jessica M. Deschler, Barbara Kensington-Miller, Karen Manarin, Sue Morón-García, Carolyn Oliver, and Joanna Renc-Roe. 2013. “Conflicts and Configurations in a Liminal Space: SoTL Scholars’ Identity Development.” Teaching and Learning Inquiry 1, no. 2: 9–21. https://doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.1.2.9.
Simmons, Nicola, Diana Gregory, Lauren Scharff, and Michelle Eady. 2018. SoTL in the Margins: Case Studies of Teaching-Stream Faculty. Presented at the International Society for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Annual Conference, Bergen, Norway, October.
Simmons, Nicola, and K. Lynn Taylor. 2019. “Leadership for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning: Understanding Bridges and Gaps in Practice.” Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 10, no. 1: Article 1. https://doi.org/10.5206/cjsotl-rcacea.2019.1.7995.
Tierney, Anne. 2019. “The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning and Pedagogic Research Within the Disciplines: Should it be Included in the Research Excellence Framework?” Studies in Higher Education 45, no. 1: 176–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1574732.
UVic Teaching and Learning Centre. 2016. “The Teaching Activity Report: Teaching Dossier Preparation Guide for Regular Faculty Members.” Retrieved from https://www.uvic.ca/learningandteaching/assets/docs/instructors/for-review/tagged%20but%20not%20in%20another%20folder/TeachingActivityReportGuidelines.pdf.
Vajoczki, Susan, Nancy Fenton, Karen Menard, and Dawn Pollon. 2011. Teaching-Focused Faculty in Ontario Universities. Toronto, ON: Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario.
Vander Kloet, Marie, Mandy Frake-Mistak, Michelle K. McGinn, Marion Caldecott, Erin D. Aspenlieder, Jacqueline L. Beres, Sherry Fukuzawa, Alice Cassidy, and Apryl Gill. 2017. “Conditions for Contingent Instructors Engaged in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning.” The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 8, no. 2: Article 9. https://doi.org/10.5206/cjsotl-rcacea.2017.2.9
Vedder, Richard. 2018. “Is Tenure Dying? Does it Matter?” Forbes, May 3, 2018. https://www.forbes.com/sites/richardvedder/2018/05/03/is-tenure-dying-does-it-matter/#49a983aa5365.
Werder, Carmen, and Megan M. Otis. 2009. Engaging Student Voices in the Study of Teaching and Learning. Sterling VA: Stylus.
Whelan, Michael. 2017. “Higher Education Cuts Will be Felt in the Classroom, Not the Lab.” The Conversation, October 20, 2017. https://theconversation.com/higher-education-cuts-will-be-felt-in-the-classroom-not-the-lab-86400.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Nicola Simmons, Lauren Scharff, Michelle J. Eady, Diana Gregory
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.