Has the Concrete Ceiling Cracked Yet? A Systematic Review of the Barriers Faced by Minority Leaders in Higher Education

Abstract

A growing number of higher education (HEs) are focusing on diversity initiatives in the 21st century. However, rhetoric does not always correspond to reality. For example, diversity is still not reflected well in academic leadership (Williams, 2013). HEI organizational structures continue to reflect a society where most power and resources are held by White men (O’Connor, 2017). In response to minority groups’ marginalization, HEs have initiated diversity initiatives, but these initiatives often result in well-written mission statements and superficial improvements (Henry et al. 2016). According to Stanley (2006), diversity and inclusion are not aligned with their application in Canadian HEs. In HEs led predominantly by White men, where minority leadership is underrepresented, understanding the barriers minority Faculty face in advancing to leadership roles can provide insight into how their identities have shaped their opportunities. This study examines recent research on minority leadership in HEs conducted between 2017 and 2022. It sheds light on critical issues facing HEs today as well as the enablers to overcoming these barriers.