Archaeological Sites in the Labrador-Ungava Peninsula: Cultural Origin and Climatic Significance

Abstract

Ruins of structures in Arctic Quebec and Labrador were investigated, all apparently less than 1,500 years old and abandoned by their Eskimo inhabitants more than 150 years ago. Similar-sized rectangular foundations at two sites near former sea level probably belong to the Thule culture. That their occupants were in contact with Europeans at one time is suggested by the shapes of the foundations and the presence of carved and nailed artifacts. From radiocarbon dating of fossilized animal bones, it is concluded that some of the structures were occupied during a mild period 600-700 years ago. Climate and vegetation of that period were reconstructed from pollen analysis and fossil remains.