‘Gay issues have come and it is worrying us’: Interrogating vulnerability, masculinities, and reproduction through queerphobic narratives among men in Accra, Ghana

Authors

  • Joe Strong Queen Mary University of London, UK https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8626-4020
  • Nii Kwartelai Quartey Independent community researcher, Ghana
  • Ojeeko Tackie Independent community researcher, Ghana
  • Nii Kwartei Richard Owoo Independent community researcher, Ghana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55016/ojs/jcph.vi.79561

Keywords:

Reproduction, Queer, Masculinities, Vulnerability

Abstract

Reproduction is tied to gendered social, economic, and political systems. Interrogating these connections is crucial for health policies and programmes that seek transformative change. Public health’s focus on biomedical vulnerabilities – how the body is susceptible to harm – is unable to capture the full and complex factors that contribute to reproductive inequities and injustices. Operationalising an understanding of vulnerability as a social process, this article examines how men conceptualise their own reproductive vulnerabilities and the implications this may have. This article draws on qualitative interviews with men, from a multi-method project on masculinities and sexual and reproductive health and rights in Accra, Ghana. Analysing men’s expressions of queerphobia through the lens of vulnerability, this article highlights the significant link between masculinities and reproduction. Masculinities are embedded in precarious, gendered economic systems and social and cultural institutions. Men’s experiences of the vulnerability of their masculinities in this context manifest as queerphobia and a (re)entrenchment of gendered norms around reproduction, which can perpetuate and exacerbate inequities and injustices. This article argues that using a more critical understanding of vulnerabilities makes visible the gendered systems and precarity that create key obstacles to reproductive health, rights, and justice.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Acquah, F., Botchwey, C. O., Adoma, P. O., & Kumah, E. (2023) Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, and its legalisation in Africa: Insights from tertiary-level students in Ghana. PLOS ONE, 18(7), e0287726. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287726 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287726

Adams, V. (2016) Metrics : What Counts in Global Health. Duke University Press. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/londonschoolecons/detail.action?docID=4452836

Ampim, G. A., Haukenes, H., & Blystad, A. (2020) Making fathers: Masculinities and social change in the Ghanaian context. Africa Today, 67(1), 24-47. https://doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.67.1.03 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.67.1.03

Ampofo, A. A., & Boateng, J. (2011) Multiple meanings of manhood among boys in Ghana. In S. Tamale (Ed.), African sexualities: A reader. Pambazuka Press.

Ampofo, A. A., Okyerefo, M. P., & Pervarah, M. (2009) Phallic competence: Fatherhood and the making of men in Ghana. Culture, Society and Masculinities, 1(1), 59-78. DOI:10.3149/csm.0101.59 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3149/csm.0101.59

Arimoro, A. E. (2021) Interrogating the criminalisation of same-sex sexual activity: A study of commonwealth Africa. Liverpool Law Review, 42(3), 379-399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10991-021-09280-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10991-021-09280-5

Ashford, H. R. (2020) Modern motherhood, masculinity, and family planning in Ghana, 1960–75. Journal of West African History, 6(2), 61-91. https://doi.org/10.14321/jwestafrihist.6.2.0061 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14321/jwestafrihist.6.2.0061

Atobrah, D. (2017). Men play, women break the town: Gender and intergenerational asymmetry in sexual and reproductive worldview among the Ga of Ghana. Sexuality & Culture, 21(3), 860-882. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-017-9426-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-017-9426-x

Barker, G., Ricardo, C., & Nascimento, M. (2007) Engaging men and boys in changing gender-based inequity in health: Evidence from programme interventions. WHO.

Butler, J. (2020) The force of nonviolence : An ethico-political bind. Verso.

Colen, S. (1995) "Like a mother to them" : Stratified reproduction and West Indian childcare workers and employers in New York. In F. D. Ginsburg & R. Rapp (Eds.), Conceiving the new world order: The global politics of reproduction. University of California Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520915442-006

Connell, R. (2005) Masculinities (2nd ed.). University of California Press.

Cunniff Gilson, E. (2016) Vulnerability and victimization: Rethinking key concepts in feminist discourses on sexual violence. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 42(1), 71-98. https://doi.org/10.1086/686753 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/686753

Daniels, C. R. (2006) Exposing men: The science and politics of male reproduction. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195148411.001.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195148411.001.0001

Davis, S. L. M. (2020) The uncounted: Politics of data in global health. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108649544 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108649544

Dery, I. (2020) Negotiating positionality, reflexivity and power relations in research on men and masculinities in Ghana. Gender, Place & Culture, 27(12), 1766-1784 https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2020.1748578 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2020.1748578

Dery, I., & Apusigah, A. A. (2020) ‘So Kuoↄ Kye Bϵ Yi’: Disrupting constructions of masculinities among the Dagaaba of Northwestern Ghana. NORMA, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/18902138.2020.1754014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/18902138.2020.1754014

Dery, I., Fiaveh, D. Y., & Apusigah, A. A. (2019) “You cannot be like that here”: Discourses of sexual identities among urban Ghanaian families. Gender Issues, 36(4), 342-356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-019-09230-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-019-09230-6

Dudgeon, M. R., & Inhorn, M. C. (2009) Gender, masculinity, and reproduction: Anthropological perspectives. In M. C. Inhorn, T. Tjørnhøj-Thomsen, H. Goldberg, & M. la Cour Mosegaard (Eds.), Reconceiving the second sex (pp. 72-102). Berghahn Books. www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qd6sr.7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857455369-005

Ferrarese, E. (2016) Vulnerability: A concept with which to undo the world as it is? Critical Horizons, 17(2), 149-159. https://doi.org/10.1080/14409917.2016.1153885 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14409917.2016.1153885

Fiaveh, D. Y. (2020) Masculinity, male sexual virility, and use of aphrodisiacs in Ghana. The Journal of Men's Studies, 28(2), 165-182. https://doi.org/10.1177/1060826519887510 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1060826519887510

Fiaveh, D. Y., Izugbara, C. O., Okyerefo, M. P. K., Reysoo, F., & Fayorsey, C. K. (2015) Constructions of masculinity and femininity and sexual risk negotiation practices among women in urban Ghana. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 17(5), 650-662. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2014.989264 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2014.989264

Fiaveh, D. Y., & Mensah, E. (2023) Gender and sexuality in African discourses. Sociolinguistic Studies, 17(1-3), 7-19. https://doi.org/10.1558/sols.24323 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1558/sols.24323

Folkes, L. (2022) Moving beyond ‘shopping list’ positionality: Using kitchen table reflexivity and in/visible tools to develop reflexive qualitative research. Qualitative Research, 23(5), 1301-1318. https://doi.org/10.1177/14687941221098922 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/14687941221098922

Ford, A., De Togni, G., Erikainen, S., Filipe, A. M., Pickersgill, M., Sturdy, S., Swallow, J., & Young, I. (2024) How and why to use ‘vulnerability’: An interdisciplinary analysis of disease risk, indeterminacy and normality. Medical Humanities, 50(1), 125. https://doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2023-012683 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2023-012683

Ganle, J. K., Dery, I., Manu, A. A., & Obeng, B. (2016) ‘If I go with him, I can't talk with other women’: Understanding women's resistance to, and acceptance of, men's involvement in maternal and child healthcare in northern Ghana. Social Science & Medicine, 166, 195-204. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.08.030 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.08.030

Hook, C., Miller, A., Shand, T., & Stiefvater, E. (2018) Getting to equal: Engaging men and boys in sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) and gender equality. Equimundo. https://www.equimundo.org/resources/getting-equal-call-to-action/

Kriel, Y., Milford, C., Cordero, J., Suleman, F., Beksinska, M., Steyn, P., & Smit, J. A. (2019) Male partner influence on family planning and contraceptive use: Perspectives from community members and healthcare providers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Reproductive Health, 16(1), 89-89. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-019-0749-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-019-0749-y

Lithur, N. O. (2004) Destigmatising abortion: Expanding community awareness of abortion as a reproductive health issue in Ghana. African Journal of Reproductive Health / La Revue Africaine de la Sante Reproductive, 8(1), 70-74. https://doi.org/10.2307/3583308 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3583308

Matlon, J. (2016). Racial capitalism and the crisis of Black masculinity. American Sociological Review, 81(5), 1014-1038. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122416658294 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122416658294

Messerschmidt, J. W. (2019) The salience of “hegemonic masculinity”. Men and Masculinities, 22(1), 85-91. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X18805555 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X18805555

Miescher, S. (2007) Becoming Ↄpanyin: Elders, gender, and masculinities in Ghana since the nineteenth century. In C. M. Cole, T. Manuh, & S. Miescher (Eds.), Africa after gender? (pp. 253-269). Indiana University Press.

Mohammed, W. F. (2019) Deconstructing homosexuality in Ghana. In Routledge handbook of queer African studies (pp. 167-181). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351141963-18

Nandagiri, R. (2020) 'Acting in good faith': Reproductive governance & population policies in India. International Development Department, University of Birmingham. https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/schools/government/departments/international-development/events/guest-seminar-series/2020/acting-in-good-faith

Otu, K. E. (2022) Amphibious subjectivity: Queer self-making at the intersection of colliding modernities in Neoliberal Ghana. In Amphibious Subjects (pp. 77-101). University of California Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2rb75sv.7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/luminos.131.d

Otu, K. E., & van Klinken, A. (2023) African studies keywords: Queer. African Studies Review, 66(2), 509-530. https://doi.org/10.1017/asr.2022.163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/asr.2022.163

Peyton, N. (2019) Ghana sex education program sparks anti-LGBT+ outrage. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ghana-education-lgbt-idUSKBN1WG4LB

Pillen, H. (2023). Critical public health. In P. Liamputtong (Ed.), Handbook of social sciences and global public health (pp. 127-142). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25110-8_10 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25110-8_10

Powis, R., & Bunkley, E. N. (2023) Handbooks and health interpreters: How men are assets for their pregnant partners in Senegal. Social Science & Medicine, 331, 116074. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116074 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116074

Robinson, C. J. (2019) On racial capitalism, Black internationalism, and cultures of resistance. Pluto Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvr0qs8p DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvr0qs8p

Shand, T., & Marcell, A. V. (2021) Engaging men in sexual and reproductive health. In: A. Creanga & A. Tsui, A. [Eds.], Oxford encyclopaedia of sexual and reproductive health. Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190632366.013.215

Snow, R. C. (2008) Sex, gender, and vulnerability. Global Public Health, 3(sup1), 58-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441690801902619 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17441690801902619

Strong, J. (2021) Exploring the roles of men and masculinities in abortion and emergency contraception pathways, Ghana: A mobile phone-based mixed-methods study protocol. BMJ Open, 11(2), e042649. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042649 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042649

Strong, J. (2022) Men’s involvement in women’s abortion-related care: A scoping review of evidence from low- and middle-income countries. Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 30(1), 2040774. https://doi.org/10.1080/26410397.2022.2040774 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/26410397.2022.2040774

Strong, J. (2024) “Even when you write with a pencil there is an eraser to clean it”: Examining men's conceptualisations of and involvement in emergency contraceptive use in Accra, Ghana. Social Science & Medicine, 344, 116635. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116635 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116635

Strong, J., Lamptey, N. L. S., Quartey, N. K., & Owoo, N. K. R. (2022) “If I am ready”: Exploring the relationships between masculinities, pregnancy, and abortion among men in James Town, Ghana. Social Science & Medicine, 314, 115454. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115454 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115454

Thomann, M., & Currier, A. (2019) Sex and money in West Africa: The “money” problem in West African sexual diversity politics. In S.N. Nyeck (Ed.), Routledge handbook of queer African studies (pp. 200-212). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351141963-21

Timmermans, S., & Tavory, I. (2012) Theory construction in qualitative research: From grounded theory to abductive analysis. Sociological Theory, 30 (3), 167-186. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735275112457914 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0735275112457914

Zempi, I. (2016) Negotiating constructions of insider and outsider status in research with veiled Muslim women victims of Islamophobic hate crime. Sociological Research Online, 21(4), 70-81. https://doi.org/10.5153/sro.4080 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5153/sro.4080

Downloads

Published

2025-11-12

Issue

Section

Articles